doityourselfchristmas.com - User contributions [en]

Renard PX1 Pixel Controller

2022-02-23T15:14:08Z

Phil Short: /* Firmware */

[[File:PX1.jpg|400px]]
==General==
The Renard PX1 was designed by [http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/member.php?9-P-Short Phil Short] as an inexpensive Pixel controller designed to work with standard Renard systems. It can be daisy chained with other Renard controllers. The PX1 provides a low cost solution that allows a user to add pixels to an existing display setup using just a simple Renard setup.

The design consists of a controller board with a [http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/41440C.pdf PIC16F1825]PIC microcotroller that connects via a simple RS485 connection protocol like all Renard controllers. The PX1 Controller is capable of driving up to 200 pixels per controller (with power injection after 50 pixels) or 50 pixels directly. It supports both 12VDC and 5VDC pixels. The PX1 Controller is designed to support pixels that use the WS2811 and WS2801 IC.

The PX1 is available to purchase anytime. Purchase info is available [http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/showthread.php?28363-Renard-PX1-Pixel-Controller-is-now-available-(current-12-2-13) HERE]

==Disclaimers==
The standard disclaimers pertaining to the information contained on this wiki page are listed [[Disclaimers | here.]] 
'''THIS BOARD IS STILL IN DEVELOPMENT AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE.''' 
'''THIS WIKI PAGE IS NOT COMPLETE YET.''' 

==Features==
* Standard Renard RJ45 (Cat 5 style) data connections
* Capable of driving either 5VDC or 12VDC pixels
* Supports only WS2801 and WS2811 pixels
* Some Design Details:
# One output connector (uses the same 3.5mm Eurostyle connector and pinout as the E682 controller)
# Supports up to 200 pixels per controller with power injection
# Supports up to 50 pixels from the onboard power connection (depends on wire gauge and length)
# Supports both RS232 (Serial) or RS485 input
# Uses the same RJ45 pinout and protocol as standard Renard controllers
# Supports upto 115200 input baudrate from standard Renard Output Plugin
# Uses PIC16F1825 microprocessor, so it can be programed with traditional PICKIT 2 or PICKIT 3 programmers.
# Supports WS2811 strings at with either 400KHz or 800 KHz data rate (Under Development)
# Uses external 5VDC or 12VDC supply (depends on pixel needs)
# Power, RxD (receiving data), FE (framing error)and Attn LED status indicators
# Jumper to select pixel speed (400 KHz vs 800 KHz)(Under Development)
# Designed to fit inside a [http://doityourselfchristmas.com/wiki/index.php?title=TA-200#TA-200_.28Terminal_Access_TA-200_Terminal_Enclosure.29 TA-200 enclosure]

==Maximum Number of Pixels per Controller==
'''The Renard PX1 can support up to a maximum of 200 pixels per controller.''' To achieve more then 200 pixels in a Renard system, multiple Renard PX1 pixel controllers must be used. The total number of pixels that may be supported per serial port depends on both the baud rate and on the frequency of updates that has been programmed into the Vixen sequence. The most common PC control software is Vixen, which easily supports multiple serial ports (including USB-RS232 and USB-485 converters). The maximum number of pixels in a Renard system (per comm port) is directly related to the [[Renard#Number_of_Circuits_.28Channels.29_per_Serial_Port|maximum number of channels]] in a Renard system (per comm port) since each pixel uses 3 channels. The maximum number of pixels is also limited if you are using other controllers in the Renard daisy chain since they use channels and limit the number available for the pixels to use.

{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|+ Number of Channels (*)
|colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Total Number of Pixels Capable for a given Baud Rate/Refresh Interval* in a Renard Network per Comm Port'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Baud Rate'''
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| '''Refresh Interval'''
|-
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| 100 ms
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| 50 ms
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| 25 ms
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''230400*'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 764
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 382
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 191
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''115200'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 382
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 191
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 95
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''57600'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 191
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 95
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 47
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''38400'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 127
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 63
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 31
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''19200'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 63
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 31
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 15
|}

The Vixen 2.x Plugin for Renard supports baudrates up to 115200. 
*A new Vixen 2.x plugin is required to support higher baudrates. 
*The [[E1.31 Bridge]] from [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=22&products_id=157 diyledexpress.com] allows baudrates up to 460,800 with a firmware update.

Typical Pixels require power injection every 50 pixels. '''The Renard PX1 only supports up to 50 Pixels directly powered from the controller. If you use more then 50 Pixels (or if the cable is too long for the wire gauge), you must provide an off-board fused power source to provide [[Power Injection]] downstream.''' 

==Schematic==
[http://doityourselfchristmas.com/wiki//index.php?title=File:Renard-px1_RevE.PNG Renard PX1 schematic]

==PCB Layout==
The current PCB is Rev:E1 
[[File:PX1-Bare Board.jpg|300px]]

==BOM - Bill Of Materials==
To build Renard PX1 Pixel Controller you will need parts from Mouser and a Renard PX1 Pixel Controller PCB. 

===Mouser===
<table border="1">
<tr><td>Part</td><td>Mouser PN</td><td>Description</td><td>Qty</td></tr>
<tr><td>R6</td><td>291-120-RC</td><td>Carbon Film Resistors - Through Hole 120ohms 0.05</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>R5,R7</td><td>299-1K-RC</td><td>Carbon Film Resistors - Through Hole 1Kohms 5%</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>R1,R2</td><td>299-27K-RC</td><td>Carbon Film Resistors - Through Hole 27Kohms 0.05</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>R4</td><td>264-330-RC</td><td>Resistor Network, 330 Ohm, Bussed, 6-pin</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>R3,R8</td><td>299-47-RC</td><td>Carbon Film Resistors - Through Hole 47ohms 0.05</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>C2,C3</td><td>810-FK28X5R1C105K</td><td>Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - Leaded 1.0uF 16volts X5R +/-10%</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>C1</td><td>80-C322C104K5R</td><td>Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCC) - Leaded 50volts 0.1uF 10% X7R</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>D1</td><td>78-1N5239B</td><td>Diode, Zener 9.1V .5W</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>D2</td><td>78-1N5229B</td><td>Diode, Zener 4.3V .5W</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>D3,D4</td><td>604-WP710A10YT</td><td>LED, 3mm Yellow</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>D5,D6</td><td>604-WP710A10GT</td><td>LED, 3mm Green</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>IC1</td><td>595-SN65LBC179P</td><td>Buffers & Line Drivers</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>IC2</td><td>579-PIC16F1825-I/P</td><td>Microcontroller</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>IC3</td><td>926-2950CZ-5.0/NOPB</td><td>LDO 5.0/100mA </td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>U1</td><td>571-1-2199298-2</td><td>IC & Component Sockets 8P ECONOMY TIN</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>U2</td><td>571-1-2199298-3</td><td>IC & Component Sockets 14P ECONOMY TIN</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>J5,J6</td><td>571-5556416-1</td><td>Jack, Modular RJ45 PCB Mount Top Entry</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>J4</td><td>538-22-03-2021</td><td>Headers & Wire Housings VERT PCB HDR 2P TIN PLATING</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>J3</td><td>649-77313-122-10LF</td><td>Headers & Wire Housings 10P STR DR TMT HDR .76 AU .526IN LENGTH</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>J2</td><td>538-22-03-2061</td><td>Headers & Wire Housings VERT PCB HDR 6P TIN PLATING</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>J1,J7</td><td>538-22-03-2031</td><td>Headers & Wire Housings VERT PCB HDR 3P TIN PLATING</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>J8</td><td>571-2828372</td><td>Fixed Terminal Blocks 5.08MM PCB MOUNT 2P</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>Jumpers</td><td>151-8000-E</td><td>Headers & Wire Housings MINI JUMPER GF 6.0MM OPEN TYPE BLACK</td><td>4</td></tr>
<tr><td>J9</td><td>538-39501-6004</td><td>Pluggable Terminal Blocks 3.5MM EURO HEADER VE HEADER VERT GRN 4CKT</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>Pixel Connector</td><td>538-39503-2004</td><td>Pluggable Terminal Blocks 3.50MM EURO PLUG VER UG VERT RWE BLK 4CKT</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>Fuse</td><td>504-ATM-5</td><td>Fuses 5A 32Vdc 1kA IR Tan</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>Fuse Holder</td><td>534-3544-2</td><td>Fuse Holder</td><td>1</td></tr>
</table> 

The Mouser Project BOM can be found [https://www.mouser.com/ProjectManager/ProjectDetail.aspx?AccessID=C6B4EFC1D0 here]. On 09/28/18 the price for a single BOM was $21.21 from Mouser. 

Note: If J9 is on backorder, you can substitute 538-39501-1004 
If Pixel Connector is on backorder, you can substitute 538-39500-0004, this is an inline plug like the one used with the E682. 

==Assembly Instructions==
Assembly of the Renard PX1 is done in three steps:
# Assemble PCB and Solder parts
# Configure Jumpers
# Program the PIC microcontroller
===Renard PX1 Pixel Controller Assembly===
'''Click on photos to see a larger view.'''

#□ Begin by inspecting the PCBs to look for any defects such as cracks or breaks. The holes on the board should be open on both sides. Then inspect and sort out the various parts for the boards. [[File:PX1-Bare Board.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install Resistors
##□ R1,R2 - 27K ohm (red, violet, orange, gold) resistor. [[File:PX1-R1R2.jpg|150px]]
##□ R3,R8 - 47 ohm (yellow, violet, black, gold) resistor. [[File:PX1-R3R8.jpg|150px]]
##□ R5,R7 - 1K ohm (brown, black, red, gold) resistor. [[File:PX1-R5R7.jpg|150px]]
##□ R6 - 120 ohm (brown, red, brown, gold) resistor. [[File:PX1-R6.jpg|150px]]
##□ R4 - 330 ohm bussed resistor. Note that this resistor is polarized and only can go in one way. The dot on the package denotes pin1.[[File:PX1-R5-Pin1.jpg|100px]] Pin 1 goes in the square hole on the left side. [[File:PX1-R5.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install Capacitors
##□ C1 - 0.1 uf capacitor. The marking on the capacitor says "104".[[File:PX1-104.jpg|50px]] It is not polarized and it can go either way. [[File:PX1-C1.jpg|150px]]
##□ C2,C3 - 1.0uf capacitor. The marking on the capacitor says "105".[[File:PX1-105.jpg|50px]] It is not polarized and it can go either way. [[File:PX1-C2C3.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install Diodes
##□ D1 - 1N5239B diode. Diodes are polarized and they have to be installed with the correct orientation. The end of the diode with the band goes towards the bottom of the board and in the square hole. [[File:PX1-D1.jpg|150px]]
##□ D2 - 1N5229B diode. Diodes are polarized and they have to be installed with the correct orientation. The end of the diode with the band goes towards the bottom of the board and in the square hole. [[File:PX1-D2.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install IC Sockets
##□ U1 - 8 pin socket. The socket has a notch on one end and the notch must be installed to match the direction on the silkscreen.[[File:Px1-8pin.jpg|50px]] The notch faces right. [[File:PX1-U1.jpg|150px]]
##□ U2 - 14 pin socket. The socket has a notch on one end and the notch must be installed to match the direction on the silkscreen. [[File:PX1-14pin.jpg|50px]] The Notch faces right. [[File:PX1-U2.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install LEDs
##□ D3,D4 - Yellow LED. LEDs are polarized and they have to be installed with the correct orientation. The anode side of the LED with the longer leg goes in the top round hole. [[File:PX1-D3D4.jpg|150px]]
##□ D5,D6 - Green LED. LEDs are polarized and they have to be installed with the correct orientation. The anode side of the LED with the longer leg goes in the top round hole. [[File:PX1-D5D6.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install Headers. '''The short end of the header is soldered into the PCB.'''
##□ J4 - 2 pin header. [[File:PX1-J4.jpg|150px]]
##□ J1, J7 - 3 pin header. [[File:PX1-J1J7.jpg|150px]]
##□ J2 - 6 pin header. [[File:PX1-J2.jpg|150px]]
##□ J3 - 2x5 (10) pin header. [[File:PX1-J3.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install Voltage Regulator
##□ IC3 - LP2950CZ-5.0/NOPB voltage regulator. The voltage regulator is polarized and it has to be installed with the correct orientation. Install in location U3 with the flatside of the regulator facing the top of the board and matching the orientation on the silkscreen. [[File:PX1-IC3.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install Fuse Holder
##□ Fuse holder. [[File:PX1-FUSEHOLDER.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install Connectors
##□ J8 - 2 pin screw terminal. Install so the wire opening faces off the edge of the board. [[File:PX1-J8.jpg|150px]]
##□ J9 - 4 pin euro style header. This connector is polarized. [[File:PX1-EURO.jpg|50px]] The euro style connector is installed with the slotted side to the top. [[File:PX1-J9.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install RJ45 Jacks
##□ J5,J6 - RJ45 Jack. The jacks are polarized and they have to be installed with the correct orientation. Gently install all 8 pins into the holes and them firmly press down on the socket to seat the plastic pins in the holes in the PCB. [[File:PX1-J5J6.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install Fuse
##□ Install 5A fuse. [[File:PX1-FUSE.jpg|150px]]
#□ Install ICs
##□ IC1 - SN65LBC179PE4, RS485 line chip. The IC is polarized and it has to be installed with the correct orientation. [[File:PX1-8PIN1.jpg|50px]] The IC has a notch on one end and the notch must be installed to match the direction on the silkscreen. [[File:PX1-IC1.jpg|150px]]
##□ IC2 - PIC16F1825-I/P PIC microprocessor. The IC is polarized and it has to be installed with the correct orientation. [[File:PX1-14PIN1.jpg|50px]] The IC has a notch on one end and the notch must be installed to match the direction on the silkscreen. [[File:PX1.jpg|150px]]

===Configure Jumpers ===
You must place the appropriate jumpers on the various headers to configure the Renard PX1 Pixel Controller. 

====J1- DMX Termination Resistor / RS232 Input====
[[File:PX1-J1CLOSEUP.jpg|50 px]] 
Install a shunt (jumper) across Pin 1 and Pin2 if you are using RS232 Input to the controller. Install a jumper across Pins 2 and Pin 3 if you are using regular RS485 input. 

====J3- 2x5 Options Connector====
This connector is used to set various special options. The default is no jumpers used on this header. 
If and only if you are using WS2801 pixels and have issues with stray flashing on older pixels, you can put a single jumper on the two most left pins of the header (up and down) and restart the PX1. This option uses a slightly different timing that will only work with WS2801 pixels. Generally most WS2801 pixels will not need this jumper. 

====J4- Inline Settings Programming====
Do not install any jumper here until instructed to do so. This jumper is only used to change the settings in a PX1 by using a specially formatted vixen or other control software data stream. See [[Renard_PX1_Pixel_Controller#Configuring_the_Settings_via_a_Renard_Data_Stream|Configuring the Settings via a Renard Data Stream]] 

====J7- Voltage Selector====
[[File:PX1-J7CLOSEUP.jpg|50 px]] 
This 3 pin jumper is used to select the power source of the control circuit on the board. This jumper must be set to match the voltage requirements of your pixels. If the power input to the board is 12VDC, then jumper must be placed on the two left pins. If the power input to the board is 5VDC, then the jumper must be placed on the right two pins.

'''IT IS CRITICAL THAT YOU CONNECT THE CORRECT VOLTAGE TO THE UNIT AND HAVE THE CORRECT VOLTAGE INPUT SETTINGS! YOU MAY DAMAGE THE CONTROLLER AND PIXELS IF YOU CONNECT THE WRONG VOLTAGE OR HAVE THE WRONG VOLTAGE SETTINGS ON J7!''' 

===Program PIC ===
You must configure the firmware to match your system settings and then build the firmware (create a .hex file) as outlined [[Renard_PX1_Pixel_Controller#Firmware|below]].

The PX1 Pixel Controller has a built in [[Renard_PX1_Pixel_Controller#J2-ICSP_Programming_Header|ICSP programming header]] that you can connect directly to a PICKIT 2 or PICKIT3 programmer and program the firmware into the PIC without removing the PIC from the PCB. [[media: ICSPpin1.JPG | Pin 1 of the ICSP header]] is on the right side of the 6 pin header. After building the .hex file in MPLAB you must then download the firmware into the PIC using either the PICKIT 2 or MPLAB IDE software. Remove the external power from the PX1 and use the power from the Pickit2 to program the PIC. '''Disconnect the Pixels from the controller while you are programming the PIC.''' Once you have successfully download the firmware into the PIC the controller is ready to be tested.

*Do not install any shunt in J4 while programming the PIC.

====J2-ICSP Programming Header====
J2 is the 6 pin header located in the top center of the board that allows '''I'''n '''C'''ircuit '''S'''erial '''P'''rogramming. J2 allows the PIC microprocessor to be programmed in place on the board by directly connecting a [http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en023805 PICKIT2] or [http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en538340 PICKIT3] programer. It eliminates the need to remove the PIC from the PCB to program or modify the programming in the PIC. 
'''Pin 1 is the square hole towards the right side of the board closest to the mounting hole. '''
{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''J2 ICSP Pin Assignments'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Pin #
|-
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Signal
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''1'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| VPP/MCLR
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''2'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| VDD Target
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''3'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| VSS (Ground)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''4'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| ICSPDAT/PGD
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''5'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| ICSPCLK/PGC
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''6'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| N/C

|}

'''Congratulations, you have finished constructing your Renard PX1 Pixel Controller.''' 

== Connections==
After you have finished building the PX1 Pixel controller you need to make the appropriate connections to power the board, connect the pixels and supply data to and from the Renard network that you are connecting the controller to. The connectors on the PCB are as follows:

===J5 and J6-Renard Input and Output===
The two RJ45 Connectors J5&J6 near the bottom left of the board are used to bring data signals to and from the board. '''J5 on the left side is the signal input from the PC or previous Renard controller'''. J6 on the right side is the output to be daisy-chained to the next Renard controller. These connections are the standard Renard daisy chain configurations. The pins on these connectors are used as follows: 
{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|+ RJ45 Pin Assignments
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Serial Data Connector Pin Assignments'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Pin #'''
|colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| '''RJ45 Connector'''
|-
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| J5 Input
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| J6 Output
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''1,2'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| GND
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| GND
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''3'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| NC
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| NC
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''4'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Data- (Rx)
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Data- (Tx)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''5'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Data+ (Rx)
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Data+ (Tx)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''6,7,8'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| NC
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| NC

|}

===J8-Pixel Power Input===
J8 is the 2 pin terminal block located at the bottom center of the PCB. The Renard PX1 can be powered by either 5 or 12VDC (depending on pixel type). If you are using 5VDC, you can omit the voltage regulator and set Jumper J7 to the two right pins (5v position).If you are using 12VDC, then you must use the on board voltage regulator and set Jumper J7 to the two left pins (12v position). '''IT IS CRITICAL THAT YOU CONNECT THE CORRECT VOLTAGE TO THE UNIT AND HAVE THE CORRECT VOLTAGE INPUT SETTINGS! YOU MAY DAMAGE THE CONTROLLER AND PIXELS IF YOU CONNECT THE WRONG VOLTAGE OR HAVE THE WRONG VOLTAGE SETTINGS ON J7!''' 

{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''J8 Power Input'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Pin #
|-
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Voltage
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''1 (square pad on left)'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| GND (V-)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''2 (round pad on right)'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| V+
|}

===J9 - Output to Pixels===
[[File:PX1-EURO.jpg|50px]]
J9 is located along the bottom right side of the board and is a 4 pin Euro style plugable connector used to connect to the Pixels. '''Pin 1 of the connector is on the left side and is marked by the square hole on the silkscreen.''' You must wire the plug onto your pixel string according to the correct wire color code for your pixels. Please check with your vendor to confirm the color code of the various wires and how to determine the input end of your pixel string. Some examples of the various wiring color codes can be found [[Pixel_Wiring_Colors|here]]. Another common choice is to wire a waterproof connector to the euro plug and use [[Pixel_Connectors|waterproof connections]] to their pixels. Note that WS2811 pixels only have 3 wires( V+, Data, GND) and they do not require a Clock wire. 

{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''J9 Pixel Output Pin Assignments'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Pin #
|-
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Signal
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''1'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| GND (V-)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''2'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Clock (C)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''3'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Data (D)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''4'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| V+
|}

==Indicator LEDs==
===Attn===
'''ON''' (flashing) when J4 jumper for [[Renard_PX1_Pixel_Controller#Configuring_the_Settings_via_a_Renard_Data_Stream|Renard Data Stream Configuration]] is in place.

===Rx===
This LED flashes as it is receiving data from the input connector. 
===FE===
This LED flashes if there is a framing error in the incoming data stream. This is likely due to the PIC or the PC output signal using different baud rates. 
===Pwr===
This LED lights if there is power supplied to the board. 

==Firmware==

The firmware for the Renard PX1 Pixel Controller needs to be optimized and configured for your specific use. There are several parameters that can be set in the firmware including:
* Baud Rate: Allows you to set the controller to match the speed of your existing Renard network. The default is 115200.
* Number of Pixel Groups: Allows you to set the specific number of pixels to be attached to controller (1-200)
* Renard Start Address: This uses the standard Renard protocol of defaulting to Channel 1, but can be set to higher channels in multiples of 8.
* RGB Order: Allows to make corrections for strings where the pixels respond in a different color order
* Grouping: Allows you to treat multiple pixel as one pixel, cutting down on the number of channels used.

These configuration parameters can be changed in the assembly file (see below), which causes these values to be stored in the EEPROM on the PIC. These parameters can be changed later on by installing a shunt in J4 and sending a specially crafted sequence from Vixen or other similar software.

The firmware is available in an assembly file (.asm) file that needs to be compiled and built with Microchip's free [http://www.microchip.com/Microchip.WWW.SecureSoftwareList/secsoftwaredownload.aspx?device=en019469&lang=en&ReturnURL=http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en019469# MPLAB IDE software] or [http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en019469 MPLAB X IDE].

If you have never compiled firmware before, there is an excellent series of tutorials available [[Beginners_Guide_To_Programming_A_PIC|here]].

Older versions of MPLAB IDE may not support the 16F1825 PIC and you my need to update the MPLAB IDE to a later version. You may also have to update the PICKIT2 software to support the 16F1825. [http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/PICkit%202%20v2.61.00%20Setup%20A.zip Version 2.61] supports the 16F1825 PIC and allows you to program the firmware into the PIC. While you are updating the PICKIT 2 software, you might want to also download the latest device file [http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/PK2DFUpdate-1-62-14.zip Version 1.62.14] and replace the file in the PICKIT 2 program directory with this file.

'''For a step by step guide to program the pic for a PX1 using the Pickit [http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/showthread.php?32618-Programming-the-16F1825-in-the-PX-1&p=326092#post326092 Click here].

'''One note: When compiling the firmware you must choose Relocatable code as the compile option.'''

'''The firmware file can be found TBA.

===Configuring the Settings via the Firmware===
Before you build the code using MPLAB, you can set the variables associated with the controller and how you plan to use it in the .asm file. By adjusting the parameters and then building the code with those parameters, you result in a .hex file specific for your project. The parameters that can be set are:
* <ul>'''Baud Rate:'''</ul> Allows you to set the controller to match the speed of your existing Renard network. The default is 115200.
**Find the line in the code that says "''' #define BAUDRATE_INDEX_DEFAULT BAUDRATE_115200'''" and adjust the baudrate to one of the following values:
***19200, 38400, 57600, 76800, 115200, 230400, 460800
* <ul>''' Number of Pixel Groups:'''</ul> Allows you to set the specific number of pixels to be attached to controller. The default is 50
**Find the line in the code the says "''' #DEFINE GROUP_COUNT 50'''" and adjust it from 1 -200
* <ul>'''Renard Start Address:'''</ul> This uses the standard Renard protocol of defaulting to Channel 1, but can be set to higher channels in multiples of 8.
**Find the line in the code that says "'''#define Renard_START_ADDRESS 1'''" and set it your start channel.
* <ul>'''RGB Order:'''</ul> Allows to make corrections for strings where the pixels respond in a different color order. The default is RGB. '''UNDER DEVELOPMENT'''
**Find the line in the code that says "'''#DEFINE DEFAULT_RGB_ORDER_CODE RGB'''" and set it to one of the following values:
***RGB, RBG, GRB, GBR, BRG, BGR
* <ul>'''Grouping:'''</ul> Allows you to treat multiple pixel as one pixel, cutting down on the number of channels used. '''UNDER DEVELOPMENT'''
**Find the line in the code that says "''' #DEFINE GROUP_SIZE 1'''" and change it you the number of pixels you want in a group. The default is 1.

===Configuring the Settings via a Renard Data Stream===
The PX1 can be configured inline by using a specially formatted Renard Data stream. The basic process using Vixen is as follows:
#Choose your start address
#Create a vixen sequence with 6 channels and make it just 1 time period long
#Then you need to enter the start address into the two channels by using the intensity value feature of vixen set the values from 0-255 (Not 0-100%)
##Enter into Channel 1 the Start Address MSB as found in the table below.
##Enter into Channel 2 the Start Address LSB as found in the table below.
##Example:
###If start address = 1
####Channel 1 = 0
####Channel 2 = 1
###If start address = 45
####Channel 1 = “0”
####Channel 2 = “45”
###If start address = 257
####Channel 1 = 1
####Channel 2 = 1
## Enter into Channel 3 the Baudrate code as found in the table below.
## Enter into Channel 4 the Group Size, the number of pixels you want to cluster into a group.
## Enter into Channel 5 the Group Count, the number of pixels directly connected to the controller from 1-200.
## Enter into channel 6 the rgb_order_code as found in the table below.
#Power off the PX1, install the jumper J4 on the PX1 ''then'' power ON the PX1 (the ATTN LED should be blinking) and set up Vixen to send out the Renard data packets with the new address or configuration change.
#Run the sequence. When the controller has accepted the new address and stored in the EEPROM, the ATTN, RX and FE LEDs will come on and stay on solid.
#Power off the PX1 and remove the jumper J4 ''then'' power ON the PX1. The changes are now in effect.
'''NOTE: You must have a value in each channel even if you do not wish it to change'''
 Example - If you only want to change the RGB order, you must set the default values in the other packet channels.
====PX1 Programming Packet Format====
{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Inline PX1 Programming Settings'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Packet (Channel)'''
|-
!width="150" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| '''Value'''
!width="50" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| '''Default'''
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''1'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Start Address (MSB)
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''2'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Start Address (LSB)
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''3'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Baudrate Code
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 4
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''4'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Group Size
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''5'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Group Count
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 50
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''6'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| RGB Order Code
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0
|}

====Start Address Packet Format====
{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|+ Number of Channels (*)
|colspan="7" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Inline PX1 Programming Settings'''
|-
!width="60" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Start Address'''
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Packet 1 MSB (Channel 1)
!width="120" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Packet 2 LSB (Channel 2)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''1-255'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Actual Start Address
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''256-511 '''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Start Address - 256
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''512-767'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Start Address - 512
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''768- 1023'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Start Address - 768
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''1024-1279'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 4
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Start Address - 1024
|}

====Baud Rate Packet Format====
{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Inline PX1 Programming Settings'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Baud Rate'''
|-
!width="200" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| '''Baud Rate Code Packet 3 (Channel 3)'''
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''19200'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''38400'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''57600'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''76800'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''115200'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 4 (Default)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''230400'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 5
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''460800'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 6
|}

====Color Packet Format====
{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Inline PX1 Programming Settings'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Color Order'''
|-
!width="200" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| '''RGB Code Packet 6 (Channel 6)'''
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''RGB'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0 (Default)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''RBG'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''GRB'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''GBR'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''BRG'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 4
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''BGR'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 5
|}
.

.

.

===Configuring the Settings via the PX1 Setup Application===

DIYC member "bolwire" created a small application which assists in setting up a PX1 pixel controller. This takes the place of using a vixen sequence to configure the PX1, as outlined above.

The information entered into the app, should be as directed above. The only difference is that you do not need to enter the MSB bit, this is determined by the application.

After entering your setup details, simply connect your PX1 and click *Write Data*, you will get a confirmation if the data was sent successfully, but as before, the LEDs on the PX1 should behave as according to the wiki as and indication as to the data being accepted and saved.

[[File:RenPX1_Setup.jpg]]

'''Download the application [http://www.doityourselfchristmas.com/wiki/images/6/6f/RenPX1Setup.zip here]'''

The initial thread is [http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/showthread.php?32557-Ren-PX1-Setup-application here].

==Enclosure==
The Renard PX1 pixel controller can be mounted in the users choice of enclosures. One common choice is the [[Enclosure#TA-200_.28Terminal_Access_TA-200_Terminal_Enclosure.29|TA-200]] enclosure. 
[[File:TA-200.png| 100px|TA-200]] 
The PX1 has three screw holes that line up perfectly with the plastic standoffs in the inside of the TA-200 enclosure.[[File:PX1-TA200.JPG|200px|PX1 in TA-200]] 

=Other Information=
==Renard PX1 Pixel Controller Discussion Threads==
[http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/showthread.php?26133-Renard-Pixel-String-Controller Initial Thread] 
[http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/showthread.php?26909-Renard-PX1-BETA-Test Beta Test Thread] 
[http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/showthread.php?27194-Renard-PX1-Pixel-String-Controller-quot-INTEREST-quot Group Buy Interest Thread] 

==Video==
TBD 

==FAQ==
*Question: I have never used pixels before,how can I learn more about where to begin and how to use pixels and the Renard PX1 Pixel Controller?
**Answer: Read [http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/attachment.php?attachmentid=19639&d=1372636708 The Pixel Newbie] for step by step information about setting up your first pixels. 

==Related Links==

[[Different Styles of Pixels]] 
[[Controllers]] 
[[Dumb RGB or Intelligent Pixels??]] 
[[Things You Will Need To Get Started With Pixels]] 
[[Pixel Wiring Colors]] 
[[Power Supplies]] 
[[Pixel Connectors]] 
[[Power Injection]] 
[[Waterproofing Pixels]]

[[Category:RGB]]
[[Category:Renard]]
[[Category:DIYC Index]]
[[Category:Pixel]]

Power Supplies

2013-06-26T16:03:07Z

Phil Short: /* Power Supply Voltages */

==Intro==
When you're working with pixels or any type of led, they will be run on DC voltage. To do that you will need to run some sort of power supply. There are many types you can use. A power supply converts high voltage AC power from your wall outlet (commonly 115VAC in North America) to a lower voltage DC current to drive your pixels. Common voltages used by pixels are:
* 5VDC
*12VDC
You need to choose your power supply based on the voltage required by your pixels and the current that is consumed by the pixels. A common practice is to only use a power supply at 80% of its rated capacity. For example: if a power supply is rated for up to 30A, you do not want to put more than a (30*0.8)= 24A worth of load on that power supply.

Since typical LEDs draw 20ma (0.02A) each, and a pixel has three LEDs inside (R,G,B), then a general rule of thumb is that each pixel will draw 60ma (0.06A) of current. To calculate the current you will need you must count the number of pixels you plan to power from that power supply. For example:
*If you are using 50 pixels, you will need (50*0.06A)= 3A of current.
*If you are using 800 pixels, you will need (800*0.06A)= 48A of current!! (and some big wire too)

Some 12VDC pixels draw less current, check with you vendor to confirm their current draw. Voltage, Current and Power are electrical properties of electronic circuits that are related to each other by [[Ohm%27s_Law|Ohm's Law]]. Power = Voltage * Current

==Disclaimers==
The standard disclaimers pertaining to the information contained on this wiki page are listed [[Disclaimers | here.]] 
'''THIS WIKI PAGE IS NOT COMPLETE YET AND HAS NOT BEEN CHECKED FOR ERRORS.''' 

==Power Supply Voltages==
With 5v the voltage drop will be noticeable if you're trying to push the voltage for a long run. Most likely you will need to inject the power again or feed from the center of the pixel string. For every 50 pixels, you should re-inject the power. So a good example, if you have a 100ct pixels string you can connect the signal wires end to end, but you will either have to put the power at the center of the string to feed each side. or you will have to put a power source on either end. A 50ct pixel string will pull around 3amp (50x.06=3amp). So really finding smaller power supplies is a good thing to have if you have your pixels spread around the yard. If you have like a pixel megatree then you can do a large power supply to feed the whole tree. So bigger is not always better esp if your not power alot of pixels close by.

12 volt is a bit different. You can push 12v further than 5v. So that does have its advantages and disadvantages. Most pixels strings are only 5v. There are some that are starting to 12v but it may be a bit before more start to come out. So 12v is alot nicer but not as many options.

You can add a low cost voltmeter in your enclosure to monitor the voltage output from your power supply. They are available [http://www.aliexpress.com/item/5pcs-lot-Brand-New-DC-3-2V-30V-Red-Optional-Digital-Voltage-Panel-Meter-Voltmeter/550450105.html here] and [http://www.aliexpress.com/item/Free-Shipping-LED-DC2-5-30V-Red-Volt-Voltage-Meter-Display-Digital-Voltmeter-Self-Powered/737176945.html here] or [http://dx.com/p/mini-3-digit-display-digital-voltmeter-module-3-2-30v-142560 here].

==Waterproof Power Supplies==
Waterproof power supplies are really nice in the sense that you do not have to really worry about moisture as much as a non waterproofed power supply. Before placing a "waterproof" power supply in a weather exposed area, check it's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Code IP rating] to determine what level of protection is required. You should still put it in some sort of shelter just to be safe. These are a little more pricey than a standard switch mode power supply but alot less headache. They come in a variety of sizes so you will have to choose what will work best for you.

It is common to use waterproof power supplies with [[Pixel_Connectors|waterproof connections]].

===Examples of Non Waterproof Power Supplies available from different vendors===
'''PLEASE CONFIRM ALL DETAILS WITH VENDOR BEFORE ORDERING!! ALL OF THIS DATA IS SUBJECT TO CONSTANT CHANGE AND MAY BE WRONG!!!''' 
Pricing is in US $. Pricing is as of 6-24-13. 
'''PRICING DOES NOT INCLUDE SHIPPING, TAXES OR IMPORT DUTIES!''' 
'''Shipping from overseas can be expensive, check with your vendor.''' 

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Vendor !! Type !! Input Voltage !! Output Voltage !! Output Current !! Link !! Image !! Price !! Price per Amp !! Size (HxWxL)!! Note
|-
| '''5VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 60W Waterproof Switching Mode || 90-130VAC || 5VDC || 12A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=163 link]|| || $20.75 ||$1.73 || 45mm x 67mm x 175mm || Cable;VDE BVVB,200MM Long
|-
| [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/701799 Ray Wu] || 60W Waterproof Switching Mode || 90-250 VAC || 5VDC || 12A || [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/waterproof-led-power-supply-AC90-250V-input-5V-60W-output-IP68-CE-and-ROHS/701799_289162095.html link]|| || $12.63 ||$1.05 || 45mm x 67mm x 175mm || IP68
|-
|'''12VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.holidaycoro.com/ Holiday Coro] || 45W Waterproof Switching Mode || 100-130 VAC || 12VDC || 3.75A || [http://www.holidaycoro.com/45w-Waterproof-Power-Supply-p/55.htm link]|| || $12.39||$3.30 || 1"x1.2"x9.7" ||IP67
|-
| [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/701799 Ray Wu] || 60W Waterproof Switching Mode || 85 - 264 VAC || 12VDC || 5A || [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/waterproof-led-power-supply-AC90-250V-input-12V-60W-output-IP68-CE-and-ROHS/701799_289149997.html link]|| || $12.63 ||$2.53 || 45mm x 67mm x 175mm || IP68
|-
|'''24VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 100W Waterproof Switching Mode || 110 VAC || 24VDC || 4A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=140 link]|| || $28.75 ||$7.19 || 45mm x 67mm x 210mm ||IP68
|}

==Non Waterproof Power Supplies==
Since they are not rated as waterproof, you must use these supply in some form of enclosure if you want to use these outside to power your DC LEDs. There are many types of [[Enclosures]] that you can mount your power supply inside of including the [[http://doityourselfchristmas.com/wiki/index.php?title=Enclosures#CG-1500_.28CableGuard_1500_Coax_Demarcation_Enclosure.29 CG-1500]] provide a large enclosure that you can mount both a power supply and a controller inside of. Most of the supplies have a small adjustment potentiometer that you can use to adjust the voltage output slightly.

===Examples of Non Waterproof Power Supplies available from different vendors===
'''PLEASE CONFIRM ALL DETAILS WITH VENDOR BEFORE ORDERING!! ALL OF THIS DATA IS SUBJECT TO CONSTANT CHANGE AND MAY BE WRONG!!!''' 
Pricing is in US $. Pricing is as of 6-24-13. 
'''PRICING DOES NOT INCLUDE SHIPPING, TAXES OR IMPORT DUTIES!''' 
'''Shipping from overseas can be expensive, check with your vendor.''' 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Vendor !! Type !! Input Voltage !! Output Voltage !! Output Current !! Link !! Image !! Price !! Price per Amp !! Size (HxWxL)!! Note
|-
| '''5VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 300W Switching Mode || 100V~120 VAC || 5VDC || 60A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=162 link]|| || $27.75 ||$0.46 || 49mm x 114mm x 226mm ||Fan Cooled
|-
| [http://www.holidaycoro.com/ Holiday Coro] || 350W Switching Mode || 100-130 VAC || 5VDC || 60A || [http://www.holidaycoro.com/5v-350w-Dual-Output-Power-Supply-p/50.htm link]|| || $32.95||$0.55 || 2"x4.5"x8.5" ||Fan Cooled
|-
| [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/701799 Ray Wu] || 350W Switching Mode || 85 - 264 VAC || 5VDC || 60A || [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/350W-Dual-Output-Switching-Power-Supply-88-264VAC-input-5V-350W-output-CE-and-ROHS-approved/701799_289599937.html link]|| || $20.00||$0.33 || 50mmx115mmx215mm ||Fan Cooled
|-
| '''12VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 360W Switching Mode || 100V~120 VAC || 12VDC || 30A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=58 link]|| || $27.75 ||$0.93 || 50mm x 112mm x 214mm ||Fan Cooled
|-
| [http://www.holidaycoro.com/ Holiday Coro] || 350W Switching Mode || 100-130 VAC || 12VDC || 29A || [http://www.holidaycoro.com/350w-Dual-Output-Power-Supply-p/49.htm link]|| || $29.95||$1.03 || 2"x4.5"x8.5" ||Fan Cooled
|-
| [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/701799 Ray Wu] || 350W Switching Mode || 85 - 264 VAC || 12VDC || 29A || [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/350W-Dual-Output-Switching-Power-Supply-88-264VAC-input-12V-350W-output-CE-and-ROHS-approved/701799_289599951.html link]|| || $20.00||$0.69 || 50mm x 115mm x 215mm ||Fan Cooled
|-
| '''24VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 200W Switching Mode || 100V~120 VAC || 24VDC || 8A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=121 link]|| || $28.00 ||$3.50 || 50mm x 112mm x 214mm ||Fan Cooled
|}

==Converting ATX Power Supply==
One common low cost way to generate +5VDC and +12VDC is to convert an old used PC power supply that you have salvaged from an unused PC. There are numerous plans available on the internet showing you how to convert them.For more information see: 
*[http://web2.murraystate.edu/andy.batts/ps/powersupply.htm Murray State]
*[http://www.madsciencenotebook.com/atx-power-supply-conversion/ Mad Science Notebook]
*[http://www.instructables.com/id/Convert-an-ATX-Power-Supply-Into-a-Regular-DC-Powe/ Instructables]
*[http://www.wikihow.com/Convert-a-Computer-ATX-Power-Supply-to-a-Lab-Power-Supply Wikihow]
*[https://www.sparkfun.com/products/9558 Sparkfun Breakout Board]

==Wall Warts==
Wall warts are not the greatest to try to run pixels off of. First off most are too small to supply enough amperage. Also they do not supply very clean power to the pixels. Your best bet is to stay way from these.

==Power Supply Connections==
Power supplies generally have screw terminals or wires from the power supply that you can connect to your controllers. 
{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Typical Power Supply Connections'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Label'''
|-
!width="200" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| '''Connection'''
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''L - Line'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Connects to the Hot side of 115VAC power cord(Black wire)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''N - Neutral'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Connects to the Neutral side of 115VAC power cord (White wire)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Gnd - Ground - '''[[File:200px-Earth Ground.png|25px]]
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Connects to the Ground wire of 115VAC power cord (Green wire)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''V+'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Positive voltage output to Controllers
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''V-'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Negative voltage output to Controllers
|}

==Fuses==
Due to the very high current that many power supplies are capable of putting out (>60A) it is a good idea to use a heavy gauge wire inline fuse holder between the power supply and the controller hookup. The large gauge wire will minimize any voltage drop that may occur in the wire due to high current. It is common to use 12-14ga wire to connect power supplies with pixel controllers. [http://mouser.com Mouser.com] carries several inline fuseholder that take automotive style fuses such as part number [https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC0QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mouser.com%2FProductDetail%2FEagle-Plastic-Devices%2F441-R347A-GR%2F%3Fqs%3DEiTGd8sy9OpCVz%25252bKAHQVYA%3D%3D&ei=ogzJUZmMDK-v4APrqICwCA&usg=AFQjCNEy5o7kr57fyHSll1QF9MkRYnWbgg&sig2=pAzKealReZ0gKFuAeb-85w&bvm=bv.48293060,d.dmg 441-R347A-GR] that has 12 ga wire and can use up to 30A ATC style fuse, or part number [http://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Eagle-Plastic-Devices/441-R347B-GR/?qs=EiTGd8sy9OpIWiMfOBOQPg== 441-R347B-GR] that has 14ga wire and can use up to a 20A ATC style fuse.

==Wire Sizing in Pixel Systems==
It is desirable to use the largest wire diameter (smaller wire gauge AWG) that you can when connecting your pixels to your controller. The higher wire gauge results in a higher voltage drop and can cause your pixels to have poor colors or to not function at all. The voltage drop is caused by the resistance in the wire and is calculated by [[Ohm%27s_Law#Pixel_Voltage_Drop_Calculator|Ohm's Law]]. This is a good [http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/showthread.php?20242-New-tools-for-estimating-pixels-string-voltage-drops thread] that discusses voltage drop.
This is a [http://blinkyflashy.info/calcs/pixpower.php Voltage Drop Calculator] useful for calculating the effects of different wire sizes and lengths on pixel strings. 

You can also use the data from the table below to estimate your voltage drop based on the current and wire gauge you will be using. For example:
#What is the voltage drop for a string of 5VDC pixels that draw 3A that have a 10ft length of Cat 5 Wire (24 gauge) between the beginning of the string and the controller? The total resistance of the wire would be (10 foot)*(25.67x10-3) = 0.2567 ohms, but since the current goes down one wire and returns on the second wire, you need to double the resistance, so the total loop resistance is 0.5134 ohms. By [[Ohm's Law]] we know that V=IR, so the voltage drop is V = (3A) * (0.5134 ohms) = 1.5402 V So instead of your pixels getting 5V they are only getting 5 - 1.5402 = 3.4598V a drop of 31%! Your pixels would not work ...
#What is the voltage drop for the same string of pixels that have a 10ft length of 22 gauge wire between the beginning of the string and the controller? The total resistance of the wire would be (10 foot)*(16.14x10-3) = 0.1614 ohms, but since the current goes down one wire and returns on the second wire, you need to double the resistance, so the total loop resistance is 0.3228 ohms. By [[Ohm's Law]] we know that V=IR, so the voltage drop is V = (3A) * (0.3228 ohms) = 0.9684 V So instead of your pixels getting 5V they are only getting 5 - 0.9684 = 4.0316V a drop of 20%! Getting better, but still not good.
#What is the voltage drop for the same string of 5VDC pixels that have a 10ft length of 18 gauge wire between the beginning of the string and the controller? The total resistance of the wire would be (10 foot)*(6.39x10-3) = 0.0639 ohms, but since the current goes down one wire and returns on the second wire, you need to double the resistance, so the total loop resistance is 0.1278 ohms. By [[Ohm's Law]] we know that V=IR, so the voltage drop is V = (3A) * (0.1278 ohms) = 0.3834 V So instead of your pixels getting 5V they are only getting 5 - 0.3834 = 4.6166V a drop of only 8%!

When you factor in the voltage drop due to the wire in the pixel strings themselves ( a harder calculation, use the [http://blinkyflashy.info/calcs/pixpower.php calculator] mentioned above) the final pixels at the end of the string may not have enough voltage to light or function properly. This is why folks often use Power Injection at the end of the pixel strings to boost the voltage to the pixels at the very end of the string. You should always use the largest diameter wire you have available (smaller gauge) to connect your pixels with the controller and to use for power injection.

The following data is from http://www.powerstream.com/Wire_Size.htm Load Carrying Capacities (see table below)

"The following chart is a guideline of ampacity or copper wire current carrying capacity following the Handbook of Electronic Tables and Formulas for American Wire Gauge. As you might guess, the rated ampacities are just a rule of thumb. In careful engineering the voltage drop, insulation temperature limit, thickness, thermal conductivity, and air convection and temperature should all be taken into account. The Maximum Amps for Power Transmission uses the 700 circular mils per amp rule, which is very very conservative. The Maximum Amps for Chassis Wiring is also a conservative rating, but is meant for wiring in air, and not in a bundle. For short lengths of wire, such as is used in battery packs you should trade off the resistance and load with size, weight, and flexibility. NOTE: For installations that need to conform to the National Electrical Code, you must use their guidelines. Contact your local electrician to find out what is legal! "

{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|+ Number of Channels (*)
|colspan="7" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Properties of Copper Conductors'''
|-
!width="60" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''AWG Gauge'''
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Conductor Diameter Inches
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Conductor Diameter mm
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Ohms per foot
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Ohms per meter
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Maximum Amps for Chassis Wiring
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Maximum Amps for Transmission
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''8'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.1285
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3.2639
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.63x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.06x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 73
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 24
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''10 '''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.1019
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.58826
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.00x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3.28x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 55
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 15
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''12'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0808
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.05232
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.59x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 5.21x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 41
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 9.3
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''14'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0641
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.62814
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.53x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 8.28x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 32
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 5.9
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''16'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0508
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.29032
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 4.02x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 13.17x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 22
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3.7
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''18'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0403
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.02362
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 6.39x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 20.94x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 16
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.3
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''20'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.032
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.8128
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 10.15x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 33.29x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 11
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.5
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''22'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0254
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.64516
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 16.14x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 52.94x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 7
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.92
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''24'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0201
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.51054
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 25.67x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 84.20x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3.5
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.577
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''26'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0159
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.40386
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 40.81x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 133.86x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.2
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.361
|}

[[Category:RGB]]
[[Category:Pixel]]
[[Category:DIYC Index]]

Power Supplies

2013-06-26T16:00:22Z

Phil Short: /* Intro */

==Intro==
When you're working with pixels or any type of led, they will be run on DC voltage. To do that you will need to run some sort of power supply. There are many types you can use. A power supply converts high voltage AC power from your wall outlet (commonly 115VAC in North America) to a lower voltage DC current to drive your pixels. Common voltages used by pixels are:
* 5VDC
*12VDC
You need to choose your power supply based on the voltage required by your pixels and the current that is consumed by the pixels. A common practice is to only use a power supply at 80% of its rated capacity. For example: if a power supply is rated for up to 30A, you do not want to put more than a (30*0.8)= 24A worth of load on that power supply.

Since typical LEDs draw 20ma (0.02A) each, and a pixel has three LEDs inside (R,G,B), then a general rule of thumb is that each pixel will draw 60ma (0.06A) of current. To calculate the current you will need you must count the number of pixels you plan to power from that power supply. For example:
*If you are using 50 pixels, you will need (50*0.06A)= 3A of current.
*If you are using 800 pixels, you will need (800*0.06A)= 48A of current!! (and some big wire too)

Some 12VDC pixels draw less current, check with you vendor to confirm their current draw. Voltage, Current and Power are electrical properties of electronic circuits that are related to each other by [[Ohm%27s_Law|Ohm's Law]]. Power = Voltage * Current

==Disclaimers==
The standard disclaimers pertaining to the information contained on this wiki page are listed [[Disclaimers | here.]] 
'''THIS WIKI PAGE IS NOT COMPLETE YET AND HAS NOT BEEN CHECKED FOR ERRORS.''' 

==Power Supply Voltages==
With 5v the voltage drop will be noticeable if your trying to push the voltage for a long run. Most likely you will need to inject the power again or feed from the center of the pixel string. For every 50 pixels, you should re-inject the power. So a good example, if you have a 100ct pixels string you can connect the signal wires end to end, but you will either have to put the power at the center of the string to feed each side. Or you will have to put a power source on either end. A 50ct pixel string will pull around 3amp (50x.06=3amp). So really finding smaller power supplies is a good thing to have if you have your pixels spread around the yard. If you have like a pixel megatree then you can do a large power supply to feed the whole tree. So bigger is not always better esp if your not power alot of pixels close by.

12 volt is a bit different. You can push 12v further than 5v. So that does have its advantages and disadvantages. Most pixels strings are only 5v. There are some that are starting to 12v but it may be a bit before more start to come out. So 12v is alot nicer but not as many options.

You can add a low cost voltmeter in your enclosure to monitor the voltage output from your power supply. They are available [http://www.aliexpress.com/item/5pcs-lot-Brand-New-DC-3-2V-30V-Red-Optional-Digital-Voltage-Panel-Meter-Voltmeter/550450105.html here] and [http://www.aliexpress.com/item/Free-Shipping-LED-DC2-5-30V-Red-Volt-Voltage-Meter-Display-Digital-Voltmeter-Self-Powered/737176945.html here] or [http://dx.com/p/mini-3-digit-display-digital-voltmeter-module-3-2-30v-142560 here].

==Waterproof Power Supplies==
Waterproof power supplies are really nice in the sense that you do not have to really worry about moisture as much as a non waterproofed power supply. Before placing a "waterproof" power supply in a weather exposed area, check it's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Code IP rating] to determine what level of protection is required. You should still put it in some sort of shelter just to be safe. These are a little more pricey than a standard switch mode power supply but alot less headache. They come in a variety of sizes so you will have to choose what will work best for you.

It is common to use waterproof power supplies with [[Pixel_Connectors|waterproof connections]].

===Examples of Non Waterproof Power Supplies available from different vendors===
'''PLEASE CONFIRM ALL DETAILS WITH VENDOR BEFORE ORDERING!! ALL OF THIS DATA IS SUBJECT TO CONSTANT CHANGE AND MAY BE WRONG!!!''' 
Pricing is in US $. Pricing is as of 6-24-13. 
'''PRICING DOES NOT INCLUDE SHIPPING, TAXES OR IMPORT DUTIES!''' 
'''Shipping from overseas can be expensive, check with your vendor.''' 

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Vendor !! Type !! Input Voltage !! Output Voltage !! Output Current !! Link !! Image !! Price !! Price per Amp !! Size (HxWxL)!! Note
|-
| '''5VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 60W Waterproof Switching Mode || 90-130VAC || 5VDC || 12A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=163 link]|| || $20.75 ||$1.73 || 45mm x 67mm x 175mm || Cable;VDE BVVB,200MM Long
|-
| [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/701799 Ray Wu] || 60W Waterproof Switching Mode || 90-250 VAC || 5VDC || 12A || [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/waterproof-led-power-supply-AC90-250V-input-5V-60W-output-IP68-CE-and-ROHS/701799_289162095.html link]|| || $12.63 ||$1.05 || 45mm x 67mm x 175mm || IP68
|-
|'''12VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.holidaycoro.com/ Holiday Coro] || 45W Waterproof Switching Mode || 100-130 VAC || 12VDC || 3.75A || [http://www.holidaycoro.com/45w-Waterproof-Power-Supply-p/55.htm link]|| || $12.39||$3.30 || 1"x1.2"x9.7" ||IP67
|-
| [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/701799 Ray Wu] || 60W Waterproof Switching Mode || 85 - 264 VAC || 12VDC || 5A || [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/waterproof-led-power-supply-AC90-250V-input-12V-60W-output-IP68-CE-and-ROHS/701799_289149997.html link]|| || $12.63 ||$2.53 || 45mm x 67mm x 175mm || IP68
|-
|'''24VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 100W Waterproof Switching Mode || 110 VAC || 24VDC || 4A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=140 link]|| || $28.75 ||$7.19 || 45mm x 67mm x 210mm ||IP68
|}

==Non Waterproof Power Supplies==
Since they are not rated as waterproof, you must use these supply in some form of enclosure if you want to use these outside to power your DC LEDs. There are many types of [[Enclosures]] that you can mount your power supply inside of including the [[http://doityourselfchristmas.com/wiki/index.php?title=Enclosures#CG-1500_.28CableGuard_1500_Coax_Demarcation_Enclosure.29 CG-1500]] provide a large enclosure that you can mount both a power supply and a controller inside of. Most of the supplies have a small adjustment potentiometer that you can use to adjust the voltage output slightly.

===Examples of Non Waterproof Power Supplies available from different vendors===
'''PLEASE CONFIRM ALL DETAILS WITH VENDOR BEFORE ORDERING!! ALL OF THIS DATA IS SUBJECT TO CONSTANT CHANGE AND MAY BE WRONG!!!''' 
Pricing is in US $. Pricing is as of 6-24-13. 
'''PRICING DOES NOT INCLUDE SHIPPING, TAXES OR IMPORT DUTIES!''' 
'''Shipping from overseas can be expensive, check with your vendor.''' 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Vendor !! Type !! Input Voltage !! Output Voltage !! Output Current !! Link !! Image !! Price !! Price per Amp !! Size (HxWxL)!! Note
|-
| '''5VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 300W Switching Mode || 100V~120 VAC || 5VDC || 60A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=162 link]|| || $27.75 ||$0.46 || 49mm x 114mm x 226mm ||Fan Cooled
|-
| [http://www.holidaycoro.com/ Holiday Coro] || 350W Switching Mode || 100-130 VAC || 5VDC || 60A || [http://www.holidaycoro.com/5v-350w-Dual-Output-Power-Supply-p/50.htm link]|| || $32.95||$0.55 || 2"x4.5"x8.5" ||Fan Cooled
|-
| [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/701799 Ray Wu] || 350W Switching Mode || 85 - 264 VAC || 5VDC || 60A || [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/350W-Dual-Output-Switching-Power-Supply-88-264VAC-input-5V-350W-output-CE-and-ROHS-approved/701799_289599937.html link]|| || $20.00||$0.33 || 50mmx115mmx215mm ||Fan Cooled
|-
| '''12VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 360W Switching Mode || 100V~120 VAC || 12VDC || 30A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=58 link]|| || $27.75 ||$0.93 || 50mm x 112mm x 214mm ||Fan Cooled
|-
| [http://www.holidaycoro.com/ Holiday Coro] || 350W Switching Mode || 100-130 VAC || 12VDC || 29A || [http://www.holidaycoro.com/350w-Dual-Output-Power-Supply-p/49.htm link]|| || $29.95||$1.03 || 2"x4.5"x8.5" ||Fan Cooled
|-
| [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/701799 Ray Wu] || 350W Switching Mode || 85 - 264 VAC || 12VDC || 29A || [http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/350W-Dual-Output-Switching-Power-Supply-88-264VAC-input-12V-350W-output-CE-and-ROHS-approved/701799_289599951.html link]|| || $20.00||$0.69 || 50mm x 115mm x 215mm ||Fan Cooled
|-
| '''24VDC''' || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [http://www.diyledexpress.com DIYLEDEXPRESS] || 200W Switching Mode || 100V~120 VAC || 24VDC || 8A || [http://www.diyledexpress.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20&products_id=121 link]|| || $28.00 ||$3.50 || 50mm x 112mm x 214mm ||Fan Cooled
|}

==Converting ATX Power Supply==
One common low cost way to generate +5VDC and +12VDC is to convert an old used PC power supply that you have salvaged from an unused PC. There are numerous plans available on the internet showing you how to convert them.For more information see: 
*[http://web2.murraystate.edu/andy.batts/ps/powersupply.htm Murray State]
*[http://www.madsciencenotebook.com/atx-power-supply-conversion/ Mad Science Notebook]
*[http://www.instructables.com/id/Convert-an-ATX-Power-Supply-Into-a-Regular-DC-Powe/ Instructables]
*[http://www.wikihow.com/Convert-a-Computer-ATX-Power-Supply-to-a-Lab-Power-Supply Wikihow]
*[https://www.sparkfun.com/products/9558 Sparkfun Breakout Board]

==Wall Warts==
Wall warts are not the greatest to try to run pixels off of. First off most are too small to supply enough amperage. Also they do not supply very clean power to the pixels. Your best bet is to stay way from these.

==Power Supply Connections==
Power supplies generally have screw terminals or wires from the power supply that you can connect to your controllers. 
{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Typical Power Supply Connections'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Label'''
|-
!width="200" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| '''Connection'''
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''L - Line'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Connects to the Hot side of 115VAC power cord(Black wire)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''N - Neutral'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Connects to the Neutral side of 115VAC power cord (White wire)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Gnd - Ground - '''[[File:200px-Earth Ground.png|25px]]
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Connects to the Ground wire of 115VAC power cord (Green wire)
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''V+'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Positive voltage output to Controllers
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''V-'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| Negative voltage output to Controllers
|}

==Fuses==
Due to the very high current that many power supplies are capable of putting out (>60A) it is a good idea to use a heavy gauge wire inline fuse holder between the power supply and the controller hookup. The large gauge wire will minimize any voltage drop that may occur in the wire due to high current. It is common to use 12-14ga wire to connect power supplies with pixel controllers. [http://mouser.com Mouser.com] carries several inline fuseholder that take automotive style fuses such as part number [https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC0QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mouser.com%2FProductDetail%2FEagle-Plastic-Devices%2F441-R347A-GR%2F%3Fqs%3DEiTGd8sy9OpCVz%25252bKAHQVYA%3D%3D&ei=ogzJUZmMDK-v4APrqICwCA&usg=AFQjCNEy5o7kr57fyHSll1QF9MkRYnWbgg&sig2=pAzKealReZ0gKFuAeb-85w&bvm=bv.48293060,d.dmg 441-R347A-GR] that has 12 ga wire and can use up to 30A ATC style fuse, or part number [http://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Eagle-Plastic-Devices/441-R347B-GR/?qs=EiTGd8sy9OpIWiMfOBOQPg== 441-R347B-GR] that has 14ga wire and can use up to a 20A ATC style fuse.

==Wire Sizing in Pixel Systems==
It is desirable to use the largest wire diameter (smaller wire gauge AWG) that you can when connecting your pixels to your controller. The higher wire gauge results in a higher voltage drop and can cause your pixels to have poor colors or to not function at all. The voltage drop is caused by the resistance in the wire and is calculated by [[Ohm%27s_Law#Pixel_Voltage_Drop_Calculator|Ohm's Law]]. This is a good [http://doityourselfchristmas.com/forums/showthread.php?20242-New-tools-for-estimating-pixels-string-voltage-drops thread] that discusses voltage drop.
This is a [http://blinkyflashy.info/calcs/pixpower.php Voltage Drop Calculator] useful for calculating the effects of different wire sizes and lengths on pixel strings. 

You can also use the data from the table below to estimate your voltage drop based on the current and wire gauge you will be using. For example:
#What is the voltage drop for a string of 5VDC pixels that draw 3A that have a 10ft length of Cat 5 Wire (24 gauge) between the beginning of the string and the controller? The total resistance of the wire would be (10 foot)*(25.67x10-3) = 0.2567 ohms, but since the current goes down one wire and returns on the second wire, you need to double the resistance, so the total loop resistance is 0.5134 ohms. By [[Ohm's Law]] we know that V=IR, so the voltage drop is V = (3A) * (0.5134 ohms) = 1.5402 V So instead of your pixels getting 5V they are only getting 5 - 1.5402 = 3.4598V a drop of 31%! Your pixels would not work ...
#What is the voltage drop for the same string of pixels that have a 10ft length of 22 gauge wire between the beginning of the string and the controller? The total resistance of the wire would be (10 foot)*(16.14x10-3) = 0.1614 ohms, but since the current goes down one wire and returns on the second wire, you need to double the resistance, so the total loop resistance is 0.3228 ohms. By [[Ohm's Law]] we know that V=IR, so the voltage drop is V = (3A) * (0.3228 ohms) = 0.9684 V So instead of your pixels getting 5V they are only getting 5 - 0.9684 = 4.0316V a drop of 20%! Getting better, but still not good.
#What is the voltage drop for the same string of 5VDC pixels that have a 10ft length of 18 gauge wire between the beginning of the string and the controller? The total resistance of the wire would be (10 foot)*(6.39x10-3) = 0.0639 ohms, but since the current goes down one wire and returns on the second wire, you need to double the resistance, so the total loop resistance is 0.1278 ohms. By [[Ohm's Law]] we know that V=IR, so the voltage drop is V = (3A) * (0.1278 ohms) = 0.3834 V So instead of your pixels getting 5V they are only getting 5 - 0.3834 = 4.6166V a drop of only 8%!

When you factor in the voltage drop due to the wire in the pixel strings themselves ( a harder calculation, use the [http://blinkyflashy.info/calcs/pixpower.php calculator] mentioned above) the final pixels at the end of the string may not have enough voltage to light or function properly. This is why folks often use Power Injection at the end of the pixel strings to boost the voltage to the pixels at the very end of the string. You should always use the largest diameter wire you have available (smaller gauge) to connect your pixels with the controller and to use for power injection.

The following data is from http://www.powerstream.com/Wire_Size.htm Load Carrying Capacities (see table below)

"The following chart is a guideline of ampacity or copper wire current carrying capacity following the Handbook of Electronic Tables and Formulas for American Wire Gauge. As you might guess, the rated ampacities are just a rule of thumb. In careful engineering the voltage drop, insulation temperature limit, thickness, thermal conductivity, and air convection and temperature should all be taken into account. The Maximum Amps for Power Transmission uses the 700 circular mils per amp rule, which is very very conservative. The Maximum Amps for Chassis Wiring is also a conservative rating, but is meant for wiring in air, and not in a bundle. For short lengths of wire, such as is used in battery packs you should trade off the resistance and load with size, weight, and flexibility. NOTE: For installations that need to conform to the National Electrical Code, you must use their guidelines. Contact your local electrician to find out what is legal! "

{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|+ Number of Channels (*)
|colspan="7" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Properties of Copper Conductors'''
|-
!width="60" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''AWG Gauge'''
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Conductor Diameter Inches
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Conductor Diameter mm
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Ohms per foot
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Ohms per meter
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Maximum Amps for Chassis Wiring
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| Maximum Amps for Transmission
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''8'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.1285
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3.2639
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.63x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.06x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 73
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 24
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''10 '''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.1019
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.58826
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.00x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3.28x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 55
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 15
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''12'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0808
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.05232
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.59x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 5.21x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 41
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 9.3
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''14'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0641
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.62814
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.53x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 8.28x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 32
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 5.9
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''16'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0508
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.29032
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 4.02x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 13.17x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 22
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3.7
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''18'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0403
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.02362
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 6.39x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 20.94x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 16
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.3
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''20'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.032
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.8128
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 10.15x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 33.29x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 11
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1.5
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''22'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0254
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.64516
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 16.14x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 52.94x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 7
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.92
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''24'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0201
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.51054
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 25.67x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 84.20x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 3.5
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.577
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''26'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.0159
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.40386
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 40.81x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 133.86x10-3
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 2.2
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 0.361
|}

[[Category:RGB]]
[[Category:Pixel]]
[[Category:DIYC Index]]

Power Supplies

LEDancer

2011-11-02T18:08:18Z

Phil Short: /* PIC Program */

'''The information on this page is out-of-date due to some changes on the coop LED-strip PCB.'''
==General==
The LEDancer (Le Dancer) is an inexpensive controller for up to 56 LEDs with a DMX512 input interface. The LEDs are connected together in a Charlie-Plexed common-cathode configuration. The design needs to use 2N3906 booster transistors for the LED cathodes to ensure that the low-level drive of the PIC is not exceeded, a configuration sometimes called chipi-plexing. The DMX address of the controller can be changed by shunting one of the PIC pins to ground and then sending a specially formatted DMX packet with the desires address.

==PCB Schematic==

This is a generic LEDancer schematic, useful as the basis of a PCB design. Some of the necessary details (such as a DC regulator) have been omitted from the schematic, but should be included in most PCB designs.

[[File:LEDancer2.PNG]]

==PCB Design==

At the moment there isn't a released PCB design. The design consists of a controller board (with a PIC16F1826 and a ST485 RS485 receiver, a jumper for enabling the DMX Address Program Mode, eight resistors and 8 2N3904 transistors, and some connectors.

Here is a proposed sample PCB design:

[[File:LEDancer-revA.png]]
===Connector Pinout===
===Jumper Identification===

==LED Connections==
The LEDs can either be hand-wired on some sort of substrate (perhaps some plexiglass or linoleum), or a PCB can be designed to hold the LEDs. In all of the following diagrams LED1 is the LED controlled by the lowest DMX address, LED2 is next, and so forth. LED56 is the LED controlled by the highest (56'th) DMX address.

===Schematic===
[[File:LEDancer_LED_SCH.png]]

===Wirelist===
Output1,LED1-C,LED2-C,LED3-C LED4-C,LED5-C,LED6-C,LED7-C,LED14-A,LED20-A,LED26-A,LED32-A,LED38-A,LED44-A,LED50-A

Output2,LED1-A,LED8-C,LED9-C,LED10-C,LED11-C,LED12-C,LED13-C,LED14-C,LED21-A,LED27-A,LED33-A,LED39-A,LED45-A,LED51-A

Output3,LED2-A,LED8-A,LED15-C,LED16-C,LED17-C,LED18-C,LED19-C,LED20-C,LED28-C,LED8-A,LED34-A,LED40-A,LED46-A,LED52-A

Output4,LED3-A,LED9-A,LED15-A,LED22-C,LED23-C,LED24-C,LED25-C,LED26-C,LED27-C,LED28-C,LED35-A,LED41-A,LED47-A,LED53-A

Output5,LED4-A,LED10-A,LED16-A,LED22-A,LED29-C,LED30-C,LED31-C,LED32-C,LED33-C,LED34-C,LED35-C,LED42-A,LED48-A,LED54-A

Output6,LED5-A,LED11-A,LED17-A,LED23-A,LED29-A,LED36-C,LED37-C,LED38-C,LED39-C,LED40-C,LED41-C,LED42-C,LED49-A,LED55-A

Output7,LED6-A,LED12-A,LED18-A,LED24-A,LED30-A,LED36-A,LED43-C,LED44-C,LED45-C,LED46-C,LED47-C,LED48-C,LED49-C,LED56-A

Output8,LED7-A,LED13-A,LED19-A,LED25-A,LED31-A,LED37-A,LED43-A,LED50-C,LED51-C,LED52-C,LED53-C,LED54-C,LED55-C,LED56-C

===Stackable LED Board Design===

Here is the schematic for a practical stackable board design. By connecting eight of these boards together (output to input, pin-1 to pin-1, etc) the previous schematic/wirelist can be readily built.

[[File:LEDancer_LED_Module.PNG]]

==PIC Program==

Here is the first version of the firmware. It uses an LED arrangement that is slightly different from the one documented above, so it won't be particularly useful. It is, however, the latest version that has been tested on hardware, so it is included here for reference.

[[File:LEDancer-20110521.asm]]

Here is a second version of the firmware, modified to use the actual LED arrangement described earlier in this document. This is untested, however, because the author hasn't built the LED hardware yet that corresponds to the description above.

[[File:LEDancer-20110522.asm]]

Here is a third version. The only changes from the second version are comments, particularly the hardware mapping list near the start of the file.

[[File:LEDancer-20110527.asm]]

Here is the fourth version. It has changes to accommodate the current LED board revision, which is
a common anode design rather than the original common-cathode design. It also has related changes to remove some ghosting issues.

[[File:LEDancer-20111101.asm]]

===Programming the DMX Address===

To program the DMX address, first format (using Vixen) a DMX packet with the MSB of the address in the first byte of the packet and the LSB in the second byte. Then, install the jumper J5 (in the PCB layout above), and set up Vixen to send out the DMX packet with the new address. When the controller has accepted the new address and stored in the EEPROM, the first seven LEDs will come on and stay on solid. In order to resume normal operation you need to remove the jumper J5 and cycle power on the controller off and on.

LEDancer

2011-11-02T18:06:10Z

Phil Short: /* PCB Design */

'''The information on this page is out-of-date due to some changes on the coop LED-strip PCB.'''
==General==
The LEDancer (Le Dancer) is an inexpensive controller for up to 56 LEDs with a DMX512 input interface. The LEDs are connected together in a Charlie-Plexed common-cathode configuration. The design needs to use 2N3906 booster transistors for the LED cathodes to ensure that the low-level drive of the PIC is not exceeded, a configuration sometimes called chipi-plexing. The DMX address of the controller can be changed by shunting one of the PIC pins to ground and then sending a specially formatted DMX packet with the desires address.

==PCB Schematic==

This is a generic LEDancer schematic, useful as the basis of a PCB design. Some of the necessary details (such as a DC regulator) have been omitted from the schematic, but should be included in most PCB designs.

[[File:LEDancer2.PNG]]

==PCB Design==

At the moment there isn't a released PCB design. The design consists of a controller board (with a PIC16F1826 and a ST485 RS485 receiver, a jumper for enabling the DMX Address Program Mode, eight resistors and 8 2N3904 transistors, and some connectors.

Here is a proposed sample PCB design:

[[File:LEDancer-revA.png]]
===Connector Pinout===
===Jumper Identification===

==LED Connections==
The LEDs can either be hand-wired on some sort of substrate (perhaps some plexiglass or linoleum), or a PCB can be designed to hold the LEDs. In all of the following diagrams LED1 is the LED controlled by the lowest DMX address, LED2 is next, and so forth. LED56 is the LED controlled by the highest (56'th) DMX address.

===Schematic===
[[File:LEDancer_LED_SCH.png]]

===Wirelist===
Output1,LED1-C,LED2-C,LED3-C LED4-C,LED5-C,LED6-C,LED7-C,LED14-A,LED20-A,LED26-A,LED32-A,LED38-A,LED44-A,LED50-A

Output2,LED1-A,LED8-C,LED9-C,LED10-C,LED11-C,LED12-C,LED13-C,LED14-C,LED21-A,LED27-A,LED33-A,LED39-A,LED45-A,LED51-A

Output3,LED2-A,LED8-A,LED15-C,LED16-C,LED17-C,LED18-C,LED19-C,LED20-C,LED28-C,LED8-A,LED34-A,LED40-A,LED46-A,LED52-A

Output4,LED3-A,LED9-A,LED15-A,LED22-C,LED23-C,LED24-C,LED25-C,LED26-C,LED27-C,LED28-C,LED35-A,LED41-A,LED47-A,LED53-A

Output5,LED4-A,LED10-A,LED16-A,LED22-A,LED29-C,LED30-C,LED31-C,LED32-C,LED33-C,LED34-C,LED35-C,LED42-A,LED48-A,LED54-A

Output6,LED5-A,LED11-A,LED17-A,LED23-A,LED29-A,LED36-C,LED37-C,LED38-C,LED39-C,LED40-C,LED41-C,LED42-C,LED49-A,LED55-A

Output7,LED6-A,LED12-A,LED18-A,LED24-A,LED30-A,LED36-A,LED43-C,LED44-C,LED45-C,LED46-C,LED47-C,LED48-C,LED49-C,LED56-A

Output8,LED7-A,LED13-A,LED19-A,LED25-A,LED31-A,LED37-A,LED43-A,LED50-C,LED51-C,LED52-C,LED53-C,LED54-C,LED55-C,LED56-C

===Stackable LED Board Design===

Here is the schematic for a practical stackable board design. By connecting eight of these boards together (output to input, pin-1 to pin-1, etc) the previous schematic/wirelist can be readily built.

[[File:LEDancer_LED_Module.PNG]]

==PIC Program==

Here is the first version of the firmware. It uses an LED arrangement that is slightly different from the one documented above, so it won't be particularly useful. It is, however, the latest version that has been tested on hardware, so it is included here for reference.

[[File:LEDancer-20110521.asm]]

Here is a second version of the firmware, modified to use the actual LED arrangement described earlier in this document. This is untested, however, because the author hasn't built the LED hardware yet that corresponds to the description above.

[[File:LEDancer-20110522.asm]]

Here is a third version. The only changes from the second version are comments, particularly the hardware mapping list near the start of the file.

[[File:LEDancer-20110527.asm]]

===Programming the DMX Address===

To program the DMX address, first format (using Vixen) a DMX packet with the MSB of the address in the first byte of the packet and the LSB in the second byte. Then, install the jumper J5 (in the PCB layout above), and set up Vixen to send out the DMX packet with the new address. When the controller has accepted the new address and stored in the EEPROM, the first seven LEDs will come on and stay on solid. In order to resume normal operation you need to remove the jumper J5 and cycle power on the controller off and on.

LEDancer

2011-11-02T18:03:40Z

Phil Short: /* PCB Design */

'''The information on this page is out-of-date due to some changes on the coop LED-strip PCB.'''
==General==
The LEDancer (Le Dancer) is an inexpensive controller for up to 56 LEDs with a DMX512 input interface. The LEDs are connected together in a Charlie-Plexed common-cathode configuration. The design needs to use 2N3906 booster transistors for the LED cathodes to ensure that the low-level drive of the PIC is not exceeded, a configuration sometimes called chipi-plexing. The DMX address of the controller can be changed by shunting one of the PIC pins to ground and then sending a specially formatted DMX packet with the desires address.

==PCB Schematic==

This is a generic LEDancer schematic, useful as the basis of a PCB design. Some of the necessary details (such as a DC regulator) have been omitted from the schematic, but should be included in most PCB designs.

[[File:LEDancer2.PNG]]

==PCB Design==

At the moment there isn't a released PCB design. The design consists of a controller board (with a PIC16F1826 and a ST485 RS485 receiver, a jumper for enabling the DMX Address Program Mode, eight resistors and 8 2N3904 transistors, and some connectors.

Here is a proposed sample PCB design:

[[File:LEDancer_revA.png]]
===Connector Pinout===
===Jumper Identification===

==LED Connections==
The LEDs can either be hand-wired on some sort of substrate (perhaps some plexiglass or linoleum), or a PCB can be designed to hold the LEDs. In all of the following diagrams LED1 is the LED controlled by the lowest DMX address, LED2 is next, and so forth. LED56 is the LED controlled by the highest (56'th) DMX address.

===Schematic===
[[File:LEDancer_LED_SCH.png]]

===Wirelist===
Output1,LED1-C,LED2-C,LED3-C LED4-C,LED5-C,LED6-C,LED7-C,LED14-A,LED20-A,LED26-A,LED32-A,LED38-A,LED44-A,LED50-A

Output2,LED1-A,LED8-C,LED9-C,LED10-C,LED11-C,LED12-C,LED13-C,LED14-C,LED21-A,LED27-A,LED33-A,LED39-A,LED45-A,LED51-A

Output3,LED2-A,LED8-A,LED15-C,LED16-C,LED17-C,LED18-C,LED19-C,LED20-C,LED28-C,LED8-A,LED34-A,LED40-A,LED46-A,LED52-A

Output4,LED3-A,LED9-A,LED15-A,LED22-C,LED23-C,LED24-C,LED25-C,LED26-C,LED27-C,LED28-C,LED35-A,LED41-A,LED47-A,LED53-A

Output5,LED4-A,LED10-A,LED16-A,LED22-A,LED29-C,LED30-C,LED31-C,LED32-C,LED33-C,LED34-C,LED35-C,LED42-A,LED48-A,LED54-A

Output6,LED5-A,LED11-A,LED17-A,LED23-A,LED29-A,LED36-C,LED37-C,LED38-C,LED39-C,LED40-C,LED41-C,LED42-C,LED49-A,LED55-A

Output7,LED6-A,LED12-A,LED18-A,LED24-A,LED30-A,LED36-A,LED43-C,LED44-C,LED45-C,LED46-C,LED47-C,LED48-C,LED49-C,LED56-A

Output8,LED7-A,LED13-A,LED19-A,LED25-A,LED31-A,LED37-A,LED43-A,LED50-C,LED51-C,LED52-C,LED53-C,LED54-C,LED55-C,LED56-C

===Stackable LED Board Design===

Here is the schematic for a practical stackable board design. By connecting eight of these boards together (output to input, pin-1 to pin-1, etc) the previous schematic/wirelist can be readily built.

[[File:LEDancer_LED_Module.PNG]]

==PIC Program==

Here is the first version of the firmware. It uses an LED arrangement that is slightly different from the one documented above, so it won't be particularly useful. It is, however, the latest version that has been tested on hardware, so it is included here for reference.

[[File:LEDancer-20110521.asm]]

Here is a second version of the firmware, modified to use the actual LED arrangement described earlier in this document. This is untested, however, because the author hasn't built the LED hardware yet that corresponds to the description above.

[[File:LEDancer-20110522.asm]]

Here is a third version. The only changes from the second version are comments, particularly the hardware mapping list near the start of the file.

[[File:LEDancer-20110527.asm]]

===Programming the DMX Address===

To program the DMX address, first format (using Vixen) a DMX packet with the MSB of the address in the first byte of the packet and the LSB in the second byte. Then, install the jumper J5 (in the PCB layout above), and set up Vixen to send out the DMX packet with the new address. When the controller has accepted the new address and stored in the EEPROM, the first seven LEDs will come on and stay on solid. In order to resume normal operation you need to remove the jumper J5 and cycle power on the controller off and on.

File:LEDancer-revA.png

2011-11-02T18:02:29Z

Phil Short:

LEDancer

2011-11-02T17:57:11Z

Phil Short: /* PCB Design */

'''The information on this page is out-of-date due to some changes on the coop LED-strip PCB.'''
==General==
The LEDancer (Le Dancer) is an inexpensive controller for up to 56 LEDs with a DMX512 input interface. The LEDs are connected together in a Charlie-Plexed common-cathode configuration. The design needs to use 2N3906 booster transistors for the LED cathodes to ensure that the low-level drive of the PIC is not exceeded, a configuration sometimes called chipi-plexing. The DMX address of the controller can be changed by shunting one of the PIC pins to ground and then sending a specially formatted DMX packet with the desires address.

==PCB Schematic==

This is a generic LEDancer schematic, useful as the basis of a PCB design. Some of the necessary details (such as a DC regulator) have been omitted from the schematic, but should be included in most PCB designs.

[[File:LEDancer2.PNG]]

==PCB Design==

At the moment there isn't a released PCB design. The design consists of a controller board (with a PIC16F1826 and a ST485 RS485 receiver, a jumper for enabling the DMX Address Program Mode, eight resistors and 8 2N3904 transistors, and some connectors.

Here is a proposed sample PCB design:

[[File:LEDancer_PCB_Example2.png]]
===Connector Pinout===
===Jumper Identification===

==LED Connections==
The LEDs can either be hand-wired on some sort of substrate (perhaps some plexiglass or linoleum), or a PCB can be designed to hold the LEDs. In all of the following diagrams LED1 is the LED controlled by the lowest DMX address, LED2 is next, and so forth. LED56 is the LED controlled by the highest (56'th) DMX address.

===Schematic===
[[File:LEDancer_LED_SCH.png]]

===Wirelist===
Output1,LED1-C,LED2-C,LED3-C LED4-C,LED5-C,LED6-C,LED7-C,LED14-A,LED20-A,LED26-A,LED32-A,LED38-A,LED44-A,LED50-A

Output2,LED1-A,LED8-C,LED9-C,LED10-C,LED11-C,LED12-C,LED13-C,LED14-C,LED21-A,LED27-A,LED33-A,LED39-A,LED45-A,LED51-A

Output3,LED2-A,LED8-A,LED15-C,LED16-C,LED17-C,LED18-C,LED19-C,LED20-C,LED28-C,LED8-A,LED34-A,LED40-A,LED46-A,LED52-A

Output4,LED3-A,LED9-A,LED15-A,LED22-C,LED23-C,LED24-C,LED25-C,LED26-C,LED27-C,LED28-C,LED35-A,LED41-A,LED47-A,LED53-A

Output5,LED4-A,LED10-A,LED16-A,LED22-A,LED29-C,LED30-C,LED31-C,LED32-C,LED33-C,LED34-C,LED35-C,LED42-A,LED48-A,LED54-A

Output6,LED5-A,LED11-A,LED17-A,LED23-A,LED29-A,LED36-C,LED37-C,LED38-C,LED39-C,LED40-C,LED41-C,LED42-C,LED49-A,LED55-A

Output7,LED6-A,LED12-A,LED18-A,LED24-A,LED30-A,LED36-A,LED43-C,LED44-C,LED45-C,LED46-C,LED47-C,LED48-C,LED49-C,LED56-A

Output8,LED7-A,LED13-A,LED19-A,LED25-A,LED31-A,LED37-A,LED43-A,LED50-C,LED51-C,LED52-C,LED53-C,LED54-C,LED55-C,LED56-C

===Stackable LED Board Design===

Here is the schematic for a practical stackable board design. By connecting eight of these boards together (output to input, pin-1 to pin-1, etc) the previous schematic/wirelist can be readily built.

[[File:LEDancer_LED_Module.PNG]]

==PIC Program==

Here is the first version of the firmware. It uses an LED arrangement that is slightly different from the one documented above, so it won't be particularly useful. It is, however, the latest version that has been tested on hardware, so it is included here for reference.

[[File:LEDancer-20110521.asm]]

Here is a second version of the firmware, modified to use the actual LED arrangement described earlier in this document. This is untested, however, because the author hasn't built the LED hardware yet that corresponds to the description above.

[[File:LEDancer-20110522.asm]]

Here is a third version. The only changes from the second version are comments, particularly the hardware mapping list near the start of the file.

[[File:LEDancer-20110527.asm]]

===Programming the DMX Address===

To program the DMX address, first format (using Vixen) a DMX packet with the MSB of the address in the first byte of the packet and the LSB in the second byte. Then, install the jumper J5 (in the PCB layout above), and set up Vixen to send out the DMX packet with the new address. When the controller has accepted the new address and stored in the EEPROM, the first seven LEDs will come on and stay on solid. In order to resume normal operation you need to remove the jumper J5 and cycle power on the controller off and on.

LEDancer

2011-11-02T17:56:12Z

Phil Short: /* PCB Schematic */

'''The information on this page is out-of-date due to some changes on the coop LED-strip PCB.'''
==General==
The LEDancer (Le Dancer) is an inexpensive controller for up to 56 LEDs with a DMX512 input interface. The LEDs are connected together in a Charlie-Plexed common-cathode configuration. The design needs to use 2N3906 booster transistors for the LED cathodes to ensure that the low-level drive of the PIC is not exceeded, a configuration sometimes called chipi-plexing. The DMX address of the controller can be changed by shunting one of the PIC pins to ground and then sending a specially formatted DMX packet with the desires address.

==PCB Schematic==

This is a generic LEDancer schematic, useful as the basis of a PCB design. Some of the necessary details (such as a DC regulator) have been omitted from the schematic, but should be included in most PCB designs.

[[File:LEDancer2.PNG]]

==PCB Design==

At the moment there isn't a released PCB design. The design consists of a controller board (with a PIC16F1826 and a ST485 RS485 receiver, a jumper for enabling the DMX Address Program Mode, eight resistors and 8 2N3906 transistors, and some connectors.

Here is a proposed sample PCB design:

[[File:LEDancer_PCB_Example1.png]]
===Connector Pinout===
===Jumper Identification===

==LED Connections==
The LEDs can either be hand-wired on some sort of substrate (perhaps some plexiglass or linoleum), or a PCB can be designed to hold the LEDs. In all of the following diagrams LED1 is the LED controlled by the lowest DMX address, LED2 is next, and so forth. LED56 is the LED controlled by the highest (56'th) DMX address.

===Schematic===
[[File:LEDancer_LED_SCH.png]]

===Wirelist===
Output1,LED1-C,LED2-C,LED3-C LED4-C,LED5-C,LED6-C,LED7-C,LED14-A,LED20-A,LED26-A,LED32-A,LED38-A,LED44-A,LED50-A

Output2,LED1-A,LED8-C,LED9-C,LED10-C,LED11-C,LED12-C,LED13-C,LED14-C,LED21-A,LED27-A,LED33-A,LED39-A,LED45-A,LED51-A

Output3,LED2-A,LED8-A,LED15-C,LED16-C,LED17-C,LED18-C,LED19-C,LED20-C,LED28-C,LED8-A,LED34-A,LED40-A,LED46-A,LED52-A

Output4,LED3-A,LED9-A,LED15-A,LED22-C,LED23-C,LED24-C,LED25-C,LED26-C,LED27-C,LED28-C,LED35-A,LED41-A,LED47-A,LED53-A

Output5,LED4-A,LED10-A,LED16-A,LED22-A,LED29-C,LED30-C,LED31-C,LED32-C,LED33-C,LED34-C,LED35-C,LED42-A,LED48-A,LED54-A

Output6,LED5-A,LED11-A,LED17-A,LED23-A,LED29-A,LED36-C,LED37-C,LED38-C,LED39-C,LED40-C,LED41-C,LED42-C,LED49-A,LED55-A

Output7,LED6-A,LED12-A,LED18-A,LED24-A,LED30-A,LED36-A,LED43-C,LED44-C,LED45-C,LED46-C,LED47-C,LED48-C,LED49-C,LED56-A

Output8,LED7-A,LED13-A,LED19-A,LED25-A,LED31-A,LED37-A,LED43-A,LED50-C,LED51-C,LED52-C,LED53-C,LED54-C,LED55-C,LED56-C

===Stackable LED Board Design===

Here is the schematic for a practical stackable board design. By connecting eight of these boards together (output to input, pin-1 to pin-1, etc) the previous schematic/wirelist can be readily built.

[[File:LEDancer_LED_Module.PNG]]

==PIC Program==

Here is the first version of the firmware. It uses an LED arrangement that is slightly different from the one documented above, so it won't be particularly useful. It is, however, the latest version that has been tested on hardware, so it is included here for reference.

[[File:LEDancer-20110521.asm]]

Here is a second version of the firmware, modified to use the actual LED arrangement described earlier in this document. This is untested, however, because the author hasn't built the LED hardware yet that corresponds to the description above.

[[File:LEDancer-20110522.asm]]

Here is a third version. The only changes from the second version are comments, particularly the hardware mapping list near the start of the file.

[[File:LEDancer-20110527.asm]]

===Programming the DMX Address===

To program the DMX address, first format (using Vixen) a DMX packet with the MSB of the address in the first byte of the packet and the LSB in the second byte. Then, install the jumper J5 (in the PCB layout above), and set up Vixen to send out the DMX packet with the new address. When the controller has accepted the new address and stored in the EEPROM, the first seven LEDs will come on and stay on solid. In order to resume normal operation you need to remove the jumper J5 and cycle power on the controller off and on.

LEDancer

2011-11-02T17:55:31Z

Phil Short: /* PCB Schematic */

'''The information on this page is out-of-date due to some changes on the coop LED-strip PCB.'''
==General==
The LEDancer (Le Dancer) is an inexpensive controller for up to 56 LEDs with a DMX512 input interface. The LEDs are connected together in a Charlie-Plexed common-cathode configuration. The design needs to use 2N3906 booster transistors for the LED cathodes to ensure that the low-level drive of the PIC is not exceeded, a configuration sometimes called chipi-plexing. The DMX address of the controller can be changed by shunting one of the PIC pins to ground and then sending a specially formatted DMX packet with the desires address.

==PCB Schematic==

This is a generic LEDancer schematic, useful as the basis of a PCB design. Some of the necessary details (such as a DC regulator) have been omitted from the schematic, but should be included in most PCB designs.

[[File:LEDancer2.png]]

==PCB Design==

At the moment there isn't a released PCB design. The design consists of a controller board (with a PIC16F1826 and a ST485 RS485 receiver, a jumper for enabling the DMX Address Program Mode, eight resistors and 8 2N3906 transistors, and some connectors.

Here is a proposed sample PCB design:

[[File:LEDancer_PCB_Example1.png]]
===Connector Pinout===
===Jumper Identification===

==LED Connections==
The LEDs can either be hand-wired on some sort of substrate (perhaps some plexiglass or linoleum), or a PCB can be designed to hold the LEDs. In all of the following diagrams LED1 is the LED controlled by the lowest DMX address, LED2 is next, and so forth. LED56 is the LED controlled by the highest (56'th) DMX address.

===Schematic===
[[File:LEDancer_LED_SCH.png]]

===Wirelist===
Output1,LED1-C,LED2-C,LED3-C LED4-C,LED5-C,LED6-C,LED7-C,LED14-A,LED20-A,LED26-A,LED32-A,LED38-A,LED44-A,LED50-A

Output2,LED1-A,LED8-C,LED9-C,LED10-C,LED11-C,LED12-C,LED13-C,LED14-C,LED21-A,LED27-A,LED33-A,LED39-A,LED45-A,LED51-A

Output3,LED2-A,LED8-A,LED15-C,LED16-C,LED17-C,LED18-C,LED19-C,LED20-C,LED28-C,LED8-A,LED34-A,LED40-A,LED46-A,LED52-A

Output4,LED3-A,LED9-A,LED15-A,LED22-C,LED23-C,LED24-C,LED25-C,LED26-C,LED27-C,LED28-C,LED35-A,LED41-A,LED47-A,LED53-A

Output5,LED4-A,LED10-A,LED16-A,LED22-A,LED29-C,LED30-C,LED31-C,LED32-C,LED33-C,LED34-C,LED35-C,LED42-A,LED48-A,LED54-A

Output6,LED5-A,LED11-A,LED17-A,LED23-A,LED29-A,LED36-C,LED37-C,LED38-C,LED39-C,LED40-C,LED41-C,LED42-C,LED49-A,LED55-A

Output7,LED6-A,LED12-A,LED18-A,LED24-A,LED30-A,LED36-A,LED43-C,LED44-C,LED45-C,LED46-C,LED47-C,LED48-C,LED49-C,LED56-A

Output8,LED7-A,LED13-A,LED19-A,LED25-A,LED31-A,LED37-A,LED43-A,LED50-C,LED51-C,LED52-C,LED53-C,LED54-C,LED55-C,LED56-C

===Stackable LED Board Design===

Here is the schematic for a practical stackable board design. By connecting eight of these boards together (output to input, pin-1 to pin-1, etc) the previous schematic/wirelist can be readily built.

[[File:LEDancer_LED_Module.PNG]]

==PIC Program==

Here is the first version of the firmware. It uses an LED arrangement that is slightly different from the one documented above, so it won't be particularly useful. It is, however, the latest version that has been tested on hardware, so it is included here for reference.

[[File:LEDancer-20110521.asm]]

Here is a second version of the firmware, modified to use the actual LED arrangement described earlier in this document. This is untested, however, because the author hasn't built the LED hardware yet that corresponds to the description above.

[[File:LEDancer-20110522.asm]]

Here is a third version. The only changes from the second version are comments, particularly the hardware mapping list near the start of the file.

[[File:LEDancer-20110527.asm]]

===Programming the DMX Address===

To program the DMX address, first format (using Vixen) a DMX packet with the MSB of the address in the first byte of the packet and the LSB in the second byte. Then, install the jumper J5 (in the PCB layout above), and set up Vixen to send out the DMX packet with the new address. When the controller has accepted the new address and stored in the EEPROM, the first seven LEDs will come on and stay on solid. In order to resume normal operation you need to remove the jumper J5 and cycle power on the controller off and on.

File:LEDancer2.PNG

2011-11-02T17:53:43Z

Phil Short:

LEDancer

2011-10-18T16:42:08Z

Phil Short:

'''The information on this page is out-of-date due to some changes on the coop LED-strip PCB.'''
==General==
The LEDancer (Le Dancer) is an inexpensive controller for up to 56 LEDs with a DMX512 input interface. The LEDs are connected together in a Charlie-Plexed common-cathode configuration. The design needs to use 2N3906 booster transistors for the LED cathodes to ensure that the low-level drive of the PIC is not exceeded, a configuration sometimes called chipi-plexing. The DMX address of the controller can be changed by shunting one of the PIC pins to ground and then sending a specially formatted DMX packet with the desires address.

==PCB Schematic==

This is a generic LEDancer schematic, useful as the basis of a PCB design. Some of the necessary details (such as a DC regulator) have been omitted from the schematic, but should be included in most PCB designs. There are a lot of lines crossing each other in this schematic, but that is only because I put pin 1 of the connector at the top of the schematic page, rather than the bottom.

[[File:LEDancer1.png]]

==PCB Design==

At the moment there isn't a released PCB design. The design consists of a controller board (with a PIC16F1826 and a ST485 RS485 receiver, a jumper for enabling the DMX Address Program Mode, eight resistors and 8 2N3906 transistors, and some connectors.

Here is a proposed sample PCB design:

[[File:LEDancer_PCB_Example1.png]]
===Connector Pinout===
===Jumper Identification===

==LED Connections==
The LEDs can either be hand-wired on some sort of substrate (perhaps some plexiglass or linoleum), or a PCB can be designed to hold the LEDs. In all of the following diagrams LED1 is the LED controlled by the lowest DMX address, LED2 is next, and so forth. LED56 is the LED controlled by the highest (56'th) DMX address.

===Schematic===
[[File:LEDancer_LED_SCH.png]]

===Wirelist===
Output1,LED1-C,LED2-C,LED3-C LED4-C,LED5-C,LED6-C,LED7-C,LED14-A,LED20-A,LED26-A,LED32-A,LED38-A,LED44-A,LED50-A

Output2,LED1-A,LED8-C,LED9-C,LED10-C,LED11-C,LED12-C,LED13-C,LED14-C,LED21-A,LED27-A,LED33-A,LED39-A,LED45-A,LED51-A

Output3,LED2-A,LED8-A,LED15-C,LED16-C,LED17-C,LED18-C,LED19-C,LED20-C,LED28-C,LED8-A,LED34-A,LED40-A,LED46-A,LED52-A

Output4,LED3-A,LED9-A,LED15-A,LED22-C,LED23-C,LED24-C,LED25-C,LED26-C,LED27-C,LED28-C,LED35-A,LED41-A,LED47-A,LED53-A

Output5,LED4-A,LED10-A,LED16-A,LED22-A,LED29-C,LED30-C,LED31-C,LED32-C,LED33-C,LED34-C,LED35-C,LED42-A,LED48-A,LED54-A

Output6,LED5-A,LED11-A,LED17-A,LED23-A,LED29-A,LED36-C,LED37-C,LED38-C,LED39-C,LED40-C,LED41-C,LED42-C,LED49-A,LED55-A

Output7,LED6-A,LED12-A,LED18-A,LED24-A,LED30-A,LED36-A,LED43-C,LED44-C,LED45-C,LED46-C,LED47-C,LED48-C,LED49-C,LED56-A

Output8,LED7-A,LED13-A,LED19-A,LED25-A,LED31-A,LED37-A,LED43-A,LED50-C,LED51-C,LED52-C,LED53-C,LED54-C,LED55-C,LED56-C

===Stackable LED Board Design===

Here is the schematic for a practical stackable board design. By connecting eight of these boards together (output to input, pin-1 to pin-1, etc) the previous schematic/wirelist can be readily built.

[[File:LEDancer_LED_Module.PNG]]

==PIC Program==

Here is the first version of the firmware. It uses an LED arrangement that is slightly different from the one documented above, so it won't be particularly useful. It is, however, the latest version that has been tested on hardware, so it is included here for reference.

[[File:LEDancer-20110521.asm]]

Here is a second version of the firmware, modified to use the actual LED arrangement described earlier in this document. This is untested, however, because the author hasn't built the LED hardware yet that corresponds to the description above.

[[File:LEDancer-20110522.asm]]

Here is a third version. The only changes from the second version are comments, particularly the hardware mapping list near the start of the file.

[[File:LEDancer-20110527.asm]]

===Programming the DMX Address===

To program the DMX address, first format (using Vixen) a DMX packet with the MSB of the address in the first byte of the packet and the LSB in the second byte. Then, install the jumper J5 (in the PCB layout above), and set up Vixen to send out the DMX packet with the new address. When the controller has accepted the new address and stored in the EEPROM, the first seven LEDs will come on and stay on solid. In order to resume normal operation you need to remove the jumper J5 and cycle power on the controller off and on.

Renard

2011-06-28T17:41:57Z

Phil Short: /* Special Characters */

== Overview ==

Renard is the name of a computer-controlled, PIC-based dimmer scheme, and also refers to dimming controllers that people have built based on this scheme. The designs all use mid-range PIC micro-controllers, are generally modular in units of eight channels (dimmable circuits), and use medium-speed, daisy-chainable, one-direction serial communications for input. Renard controllers do not have stand-alone show sequencing capabilities, and rely on a separate computer (usually a PC) to send it real-time sequences of dimmer commands.

This design was originally described in the [http://computerchristmas.com/?link=how_to&HowToId=71 Simple PIC-Based 8-Port Dimmer] 'How-To' on the http://computerchristmas.com website in a generic form. Since then various people have designed and built controllers based on this hardware, and there are likely to be coop buys of one or more of these designs. Renard is strictly a DIY, hobbyist effort at this time, with no commercial products available (either software or hardware).

Here is a picture of an assembled Renard8 pcb (an 8-channel board with an RS485 interface). The two connectors in the lower left are for cables that go to remotely located 4-channel SSR boards, and the two on the upper right are for serial (RS485) input and output.

[[Image:web_100_8269.JPG|right|thumb|160px|[[16_Channel_Renard_with_SSRs | Renard16]] ]]
[[Image:IMG_3021.JPG|right|thumb|160px|[[24_Channel_Renard_with_SSR_Assembly_Instructions | Renard24]] ]]
[[Image:Ren_64.jpg|right|thumb|160px|[[Renard64 | Renard64]] ]]

[[Image:Renard8_img_001.jpg]]

In addition to the Renard8 pictured above, there are several other Renard boards available. These include 16 and 24 channel versions with onboard SSRs, and a 64 channel version without SSRs. In addition, a transformer board exists for providing power and zero-crossing to a Renard, as well as a board to convert an Olsen 595 board to a Renard board. More information can be found on these controllers' respective pages, accessible from the [[Renard Main Page]].
== The Pieces and How They Connect Together ==

Create some drawings.

=== Distance ===

The maximum distance between controllers (or between the PC and the first controller) depends on whether RS232 or RS485 is used as the physical communications method. For RS232 the standards only specify short distances (less than 15 m), but past experiences in other situations suggests that it should work up to several times that distance, especially if low capacitance cable is used. For RS485 it should work out to a distance of more than 300m.

=== Number of Circuits (Channels) ===

The number of Renard channels that can be supported on a serial port depends on both the baud rate and on the frequency of updates that has been programmed into the Vixen sequence. The most common PC control software is Vixen, which easily supports multiple serial ports (including USB-RS232 and USB-485 converters).

{| border="1"; cellpadding="10" style="text-align: center; background:black; color:white"
|+ Number of Channels (*)
|colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| '''Total Renard Channels Capable for a given Baud Rate/Refresh Interval*'''
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''Baud Rate'''
|colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| '''Refresh Interval'''
|-
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| 100 ms
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| 50 ms
!width="60" style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| 25 ms
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''115200'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 1150
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 574
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 286
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''57600'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 574
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 286
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 142
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''38400'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 382
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 190
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 94
|-
|style="background:#AFEEEE; color:black"| '''19200'''
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 190
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 94
|style="background:#FBEC5D; color:black"| 46
|}

'''Note*''' - these numbers are based on using the Modified Renard Plugin included in Vixen 2.X as the dimmer codes that require two-byte encoding are avoided.

=== Firmware Versions ===

There are several different versions of the Renard Firmware available.

The first ('regular') version sends out a 30 uS low-going pulse (about 36 uS in areas with 50 Hz AC power), which is intended just to turn on the SSR at the right point in the AC cycle. This pulse is only long enough to activate the SSR, which then stays on by itself until the end of the AC cycle. The advantage of this version is that it draws the least amount of power from the +5V supply. The disadvantage of this version is that the current draw of AC-powered LED lights may be too low during certain parts of the AC power cycle to allow the opto/triac to stay on by itself. The current draw of each SSR output is about 6 mA, or 48 mA for 8 channels. However, the duty cycle of each SSR input is about 1:256, so the average current draw is about .18 mA (much less than the PIC itself).

The next (PWM) version of the firmware sends out a variable width low-going pulse synchronized to the AC power cycle. The pulse starts at the same time as it would in the 'regular' version of the firmware, but lasts until the end of the AC cycle instead of turning off right away. The advantage of this version is that it can be used for dimming direct-drive LEDs (those without any SSRs involved), and will be better at dimming low-current lights with SSRs (including LED lights intended for AC operation). The disadvantage of this version is that it draws a lot more current from the +5V supply in the worst case. The current draw of each SSR output is still 6 mA (or 12 mA if there are status LEDs in parallel with the SSR), for a total of 48 mA (96 mA). The worst case duty cycle is now 100%, so the full 48 mA (or 96 mA) has to be accounted for.

The last (DC) version of the firmware is very similar to the PWM firmware, also sending out a variable-width pulse. However, this pulse is not synchronized to the AC power line, so there is no need to connect a zero-crossing signal to the controller.

=== SSR Selection ===

The Renard Dimmer is designed to turn the SSRs on at different points of each AC powerline cycle (at the beginning for high-brightness, in the middle for medium brightness, and at the end for very low brightness). As a result, the SSRs must be selected for random-phase turn-on. The Renard controllers will not work properly with SSRs designed for zero-crossing turn-on.

=== Driving LED Light Strings ===

Controlling LED light strings requires the use of the special version of the firmware designed for PWM operation (as opposed to the standard version of the firmware, which controls the light intensity by pulse positioning). The reason for this is that LED current at certain voltage (brightness) levels may be too low to latch the optos/triacs in the SSRs. The PWM firmware eliminates this problem by driving the SSRs for the entire 'ON' portion of each AC power line cycle, rather than providing just a narrow pulse at the start of the 'ON' period.

=== Power Requirements ===

The power requirement for the controller varies with the exact application. The PIC itself usually draws around 5mA. Additional current is required for the oscillator (if present), the serial line interface chips, the SSRs and the voltage regulator (if any). It is hard to give guidelines for these parts, because there are many possible choices for all of these parts. It is best to consult the datasheets for the parts that are actually installed.

==== Observed Current Draw ====

The current consumption numbers were obtained by placing a 1 Ω resistor (+/- 5%) in series with the power input pin(s) to the controller, and measuring the voltage across the resistor. The columns with the label 'term' were measurements taken with a 120 Ω termination resistor connected across the RS485 output signals, while 'no term' measurements were taken with the RS485 output connector left open. These numbers should be viewed as representative, not exact. The actual numbers will vary from chip to chip, with temperature, the regulator output voltage, tolerance of the RS485 terminating resistor, and so forth.

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! PCB
! Non-PWM Current (no term)
! Non-PWM Current (term)
! PWM Current (no term)
! PWM Current (term)
|-
!Renard8
|align="right" |20 mA
|align="right" |39 mA
|align="right" |60 mA
|align="right" |80 mA
|-
!XMUS 16-Channel
|align="right" |45 mA
|align="right" |71 mA
|align="right" |122 mA
|align="right" |149 mA
|-
|}

Note: All measurements taken with the PIC configured to use an external 18.432 MHz oscillator, and with all output channels connected to SSRs (no on/off LED installed on the SSR, however). The outputs of the PIC were configured for maximum dimmer brightness (i.e. worst case situation). The measurements were taken with a DC supply connected to the pins 7,8 on the RJ45 connector, with the zero-crossing signal supplied by other means. In addition, one of the output pins was observed with an oscilloscope to verify correct operation.

== Comparison with Other Schemes ==

LOR
AL
D-LIGHT
DMX-512

== Future Directions ==

== Protocol ==

===Version 1===

==== Character Format ====

Baud Rate can vary, current firmware is programmed for 57600.

1 Start Bit, 8 Data Bits, No Parity bit, 1 Stop bit (8N1)

==== Special Characters ====
<tt>
0x7D - Pad byte, silently discarded by controller firmware, inserted by host PC to prevent Tx overrun
0x7E - Sync byte, start of packet marker.
0x7F - Escape byte, used as prefix for encoding dimmer levels that correspond to the special characters.
</tt>

To send the value 0x7D as data (rather than as a special character), send the two-character sequence '0x7F-0x2F' in its place.

To send the value 0x7E as data (rather than as a special character), send the two-character sequence '0x7F-0x30' in its place.

To send value 0x7F as data, send the two-character sequence in its place.

The PICs have a rather large internal clock frequency tolerance, which could cause a transmitter overrun in a PIC which has a slow clock. This could happen under the following circumstances:

1) The host PC is transmitting characters with one stop bit, and

2) One (or more) of the PICs is using its internal oscillator (instead of an external crystal) and

3) That oscillator is running at the low end of it's tolerance (1% slow),

The Renard firmware doesn't have any separate provision for transmit buffer other than the internal PIC transmit buffers. If data is arriving at the PIC faster than it can clear the UART transmitter, some data in the PIC transmitter would be over-written, causing data to be lost. The PAD byte is intended to give the transmitter in a slow PIC time to catch up.

==== Packet Format ====
<tt>
Byte 0 - 0x7E (sync byte)
Byte 1 - Command/address byte (usually 0x80, see below)
Byte 2-n - Dimmer values (0-0xFF, values 0x7D, 0x7E and 0x7F have special encoding, all others are sent raw)
</tt>

==== Firmware Operations ====

When the controller receives a character, it first checks to see if it is the sync character (0x7E). If so, this is the start of a packet, and the controller resets its packet receiving state machine. The controller re-transmits the sync byte, so that down-stream controllers can also reset their packet receiving state machines.

The next character is the command/address byte. There are three possible cases for this byte:

1) If this byte is less than 128 (0x80), it is for some protocol that this firmware cannot handle (reserved for future use). The command/address byte is retransmitted, as are all the remaining bytes in the packet.

2) If the byte is exactly 0x80, the next eight bytes (after decoding) are intended for this controller. The command/address byte is retransmitted. The next eight bytes are decoded and used internally without retransmitting. The remaining bytes in the packet are retransmitted for use by the downstream controllers.

3) If the byte is greater than 0x80, the packet is intended for some downstream controller. The command/address byte is decremented and transmitted, and the remaining bytes in the packet are retransmitted.

== Schematic ==
[[Image:Renard_generic_sch.gif]]

This is a generic Renard schematic, not specific to any particular board. It is intended as the starting point for creating a custom design, and many of the elements of this schematic can be modified for individual circumstances.

=== AC Input (J2) ===

This connector is used to bring 110VAC into the board for sensing the AC zero-crossing. The resistors R1 and R2 will need to be changed for operation at other voltages.

High voltage is present on this connector, and great care should taken with this connector and the related components to prevent damage or injury. Do not build this circuit if you are not knowledgeable about working with power-line voltages.

=== Power Connector (J5) ===

This is used to provide power (+5V) to the Renard controller.

=== Serial (RS232) Connectors (J3 and J4) ===

These connectors are used for input data (J3, from either the PC or an upstream Renard controller) and transmitting data to downstream controllers (J4).

=== SSR Connector (J1) ===

This connector is designed to interface with the Simpleio TRIAC8 board. The current firmware versions assume that the SSRs are configured in a current-sink mode. The outputs of the PIC are active low. In the inactive state the outputs are high, and are driven low to activate the SSR. The normal firmware will cause the outputs to driven low for about 30 μS (for 60 Hz operation, slightly longer for 50 Hz operation). This fairly narrow pulse will be latched in both the opto-coupler and the triac in the SSR, extending the cycle until the AC voltage drops back to 0.

In many cases it may be desireable to replace J1 with connectors that are better suited to the particular application.

=== RS232 Voltage Converter (U10, C8 and C9) ===

This is the classic MAX232 circuit used for converting between RS232 voltage levels (+/- 15V) and TTL logic levels (0 to 5V). This circuit may be replaced with RS485 interface chips (such as the SN75176 or SN75179) if operation with RS485 is desired.

== Firmware ==

See the [[Renard Firmware]] page.

[[Category:DIYC Hardware]]
[[Category:Renard]]
[[Category:DIYC Index]]

Renard64 Power Supply Calculations

2011-06-02T19:53:43Z

2011-05-27T19:13:29Z

Phil Short: